{"id":730983,"date":"2018-08-30T21:35:19","date_gmt":"2018-08-30T21:35:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%87%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%83-%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%82\/"},"modified":"2018-08-30T21:35:19","modified_gmt":"2018-08-30T21:35:19","slug":"%d9%85%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%87%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%83-%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/ar\/%d9%85%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%87%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%83-%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 Thurstone\u061f<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \"\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n

    \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0644<\/span> \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/span><\/a> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 <\/span>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639<\/span><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/span> .<\/span> <\/p>\n

    \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 (\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f). <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644<\/span> \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a<\/span><\/a>\u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 Thurstone \u0648 Guttman \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/span><\/a> .<\/span> <\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 Thurstone \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629<\/span> \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644<\/span><\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/a> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a 1944-1950 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u060c \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 – \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

    <\/a>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 Thurstone\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n

    \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646. Thurstone \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 Thurstone \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a “\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642” \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 Thurstone \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

    \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 Thurstone: <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1:<\/b> \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f – \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/span> <\/p>\n

    \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a – <\/span><\/p>\n