{"id":811883,"date":"2018-06-01T06:29:37","date_gmt":"2018-06-01T06:29:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/echelle-ordinale\/"},"modified":"2023-09-05T03:08:16","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T03:08:16","slug":"echelle-ordinale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/fr\/echelle-ordinale\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9chelle ordinale : D\u00e9finition, niveau de mesure et exemples"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>D\u00e9finition de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ordinale<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ordinale est le deuxi\u00e8me <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-ordinal-interval-ratio\/\">niveau de mesure<\/a> qui rend compte du classement et de l&rsquo;ordonnancement des donn\u00e9es sans r\u00e9ellement \u00e9tablir le degr\u00e9 de variation entre elles. Le niveau de mesure ordinal est la deuxi\u00e8me des quatre \u00e9chelles de mesure.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00ab\u00a0Ordinal\u00a0\u00bb indique \u00ab\u00a0ordre\u00a0\u00bb. Les donn\u00e9es ordinales sont des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/quantitative-data\/\">donn\u00e9es quantitatives<\/a> qui ont des ordres naturels et dont la diff\u00e9rence est inconnue. Il peut \u00eatre nomm\u00e9, regroup\u00e9 et class\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par exemple :<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"table-border\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00ab\u00a0Quel est votre degr\u00e9 de satisfaction \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard de nos produits ?  <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1- Totalement satisfait<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2- Satisfaits  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3- Neutre  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4- Insatisfaits  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5- Totalement insatisfait<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00ab\u00a0Quel est votre degr\u00e9 de satisfaction \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard du service \u00e0 la client\u00e8le ?<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1- Tr\u00e8s malheureux<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2- Malheureux<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3- Neutre  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4- Malheureux<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5- Tr\u00e8s malheureux<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/features\/survey-respondents.html\">r\u00e9pondants \u00e0 l&rsquo;enqu\u00eate<\/a> choisiront entre ces options de satisfaction, mais la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la question \u00ab\u00a0combien ?\u00a0\u00bb restera sans r\u00e9ponse. La compr\u00e9hension des diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9chelles aide les statisticiens et les chercheurs \u00e0 utiliser les techniques d&rsquo;analyse des donn\u00e9es en cons\u00e9quence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>APPRENEZ-EN DAVANTAGE SUR LE SUJET :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/level-of-analysis\/\">Niveau d&rsquo;analyse<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ainsi, une \u00e9chelle ordinale est utilis\u00e9e comme param\u00e8tre de comparaison pour comprendre si les variables sont plus ou moins importantes l&rsquo;une par rapport \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre en proc\u00e9dant \u00e0 un tri. La tendance centrale de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ordinale est la m\u00e9diane.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/article\/likert-scale-survey-questions.html\">\u00e9chelle de Likert<\/a> est un exemple de la raison pour laquelle il n&rsquo;est pas possible de conclure \u00e0 une diff\u00e9rence d&rsquo;intervalle entre des variables ordinales. Dans cette \u00e9chelle, les options de r\u00e9ponse sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement polaires, allant de \u00ab\u00a0Totalement satisfait\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0Totalement insatisfait\u00a0\u00bb.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 de la diff\u00e9rence entre ces options ne peut pas \u00eatre li\u00e9e \u00e0 des valeurs sp\u00e9cifiques car la valeur de la diff\u00e9rence entre totalement satisfait et totalement insatisfait sera beaucoup plus importante que la diff\u00e9rence entre satisfait et neutre. Si une personne aime les voitures Mercedes Benz et qu&rsquo;on lui demande \u00ab\u00a0Quelle est la probabilit\u00e9 que vous recommandiez Mercedes Benz \u00e0 vos amis et \u00e0 votre famille\u00a0\u00bb, elle devra choisir entre \u00ab\u00a0Extr\u00eamement probable\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0Probablement\u00a0\u00bb. Ainsi, une \u00e9chelle ordinale est utilis\u00e9e lorsque l&rsquo;ordre des options doit \u00eatre d\u00e9duit et non lorsque la diff\u00e9rence d&rsquo;intervalle doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre \u00e9tablie.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Caract\u00e9ristiques ordinales<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Outre l&rsquo;identification et la description de l&rsquo;ampleur, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ordinale indique le rang relatif des variables.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&rsquo;intervalle ne sont pas connues.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mesure d&rsquo;attributs non num\u00e9riques tels que la fr\u00e9quence, la satisfaction, le bonheur, etc.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En plus des informations fournies par l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-scale\/\">\u00e9chelle nominale<\/a>, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ordinale identifie le rang des variables.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette \u00e9chelle, les responsables de l&rsquo;enqu\u00eate peuvent analyser le degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;accord entre les personnes interrog\u00e9es en ce qui concerne l&rsquo;ordre identifi\u00e9 des variables.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Avantages de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ordinale<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le principal avantage de l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;une \u00e9chelle ordinale est la facilit\u00e9 de comparaison entre les variables.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il est extr\u00eamement pratique de regrouper les variables apr\u00e8s les avoir command\u00e9es.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utilis\u00e9 efficacement dans les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/surveys\/\">enqu\u00eates<\/a>, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/online-poll.html\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sondages<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/what-is-a-questionnaire\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">questionnaires<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  en raison de la simplicit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;analyse et de la cat\u00e9gorisation. Les r\u00e9ponses collect\u00e9es sont facilement compar\u00e9es pour tirer des conclusions significatives sur le public cible.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comme les valeurs sont indiqu\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re relative \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/rating-scale.html\">\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation<\/a> lin\u00e9aire, les r\u00e9sultats sont plus instructifs que les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/\">donn\u00e9es nominales<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-120796 size-full\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/43-Adventages-of-Ordinal-Scale.jpg\" alt=\"Aventages de l'\u00e9chelle ordinale\" width=\"992\" height=\"489\"><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">En savoir plus : L&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/interval-scale\/\">\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;intervalle<\/a> et l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/ratio-scale\/\">\u00e9chelle de rapport<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Exemples ordinaux<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Classement des lyc\u00e9ens &#8211; 1er, 3\u00e8me, 4\u00e8me, 10\u00e8me&#8230; Ni\u00e8me. Un \u00e9l\u00e8ve ayant obtenu 99\/100 sera class\u00e9 premier, un autre ayant obtenu 92\/100 sera class\u00e9 troisi\u00e8me, et ainsi de suite.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enqu\u00eates d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation dans les restaurants &#8211; Lorsqu&rsquo;un serveur re\u00e7oit une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/what-are-online-surveys\/\">enqu\u00eate sur<\/a> papier ou <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/what-are-online-surveys\/\">en ligne<\/a> comportant une question : \u00ab\u00a0Le choix est de 0 \u00e0 10, 0 correspondant \u00e0 une insatisfaction extr\u00eame et 10 \u00e0 une satisfaction extr\u00eame.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c9chelle de Likert &#8211; L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de Likert <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/what-is-likert-scale\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00e9chelle de Likert<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est une variante de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ordinale utilis\u00e9e pour calculer la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/employee-satisfaction-survey-questions\/\">satisfaction des<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/survey-templates\/customer-satisfaction-surveys\/\">clients<\/a> ou des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/employee-satisfaction-survey-questions\/\">employ\u00e9s<\/a>. <\/span> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-58391 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Liker-Scale-Example_4.jpg\" alt=\"Exemple d'\u00e9chelle de Liker\" width=\"800\" height=\"300\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comprendre le contexte socio-\u00e9conomique du public cible <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/audience\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cible <\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Les riches, les classes moyennes, les pauvres, etc. entrent dans la cat\u00e9gorie des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/ordinal-data\/\">donn\u00e9es ordinales<\/a>. <\/span> <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La fr\u00e9quence d&rsquo;occurrence &#8211; Des questions telles que \u00ab\u00a0\u00c0 quelle fr\u00e9quence devez-vous faire r\u00e9parer votre t\u00e9l\u00e9phone ?\u00a0\u00bb  <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00e8s souvent <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Souvent  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pas souvent  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pas du tout <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c9valuation du degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;accord &#8211; Indiquez votre degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;accord avec les politiques de l&rsquo;entreprise :<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tout \u00e0 fait d&rsquo;accord<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accorder<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neutre  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pas d&rsquo;accord<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pas du tout d&rsquo;accord<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comprendre les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences : Si un sp\u00e9cialiste du marketing m\u00e8ne des <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">enqu\u00eates<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour comprendre quelle marque d&rsquo;ordinateur portable les personnes interrog\u00e9es ne pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent pas, il peut utiliser l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ordinale. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parmi les cinq marques d&rsquo;ordinateurs portables cit\u00e9es, indiquez l&rsquo;ordre de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence &#8211;<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  HP<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pomme<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Lenovo<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dell<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acer<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>EN SAVOIR PLUS :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/average-order-value\/\">Valeur moyenne des commandes<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00e9finition de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ordinale L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ordinale est le deuxi\u00e8me niveau de mesure qui rend compte du classement et de l&rsquo;ordonnancement [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":614364,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1443],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00c9chelle ordinale : D\u00e9finition et exemples %sep%QuestionPro%.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L&#039;\u00e9chelle ordinale est le deuxi\u00e8me niveau de mesure qui rend compte du classement et de l&#039;ordonnancement des donn\u00e9es sans \u00e9tablir le degr\u00e9 de variation.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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