{"id":812021,"date":"2022-08-13T09:00:36","date_gmt":"2022-08-13T09:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/recherche-comparative-causale\/"},"modified":"2023-09-05T05:31:40","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T05:31:40","slug":"recherche-comparative-causale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/fr\/recherche-comparative-causale\/","title":{"rendered":"Recherche comparative causale : D\u00e9finition, types et avantages"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dans le domaine de la recherche, il existe de multiples m\u00e9thodologies et moyens de trouver des r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 vos besoins. Dans cet article, nous aborderons tout ce que vous devez savoir sur la recherche comparative causale, une m\u00e9thodologie qui pr\u00e9sente de nombreux avantages et applications.<\/p>\n<h2>Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la recherche comparative causale ?<\/h2>\n<p>La recherche causale-comparative est une m\u00e9thodologie utilis\u00e9e pour identifier les relations de cause \u00e0 effet entre les variables ind\u00e9pendantes et d\u00e9pendantes.<\/p>\n<p>Les chercheurs peuvent \u00e9tudier r\u00e9trospectivement les causes et les effets. Cela peut aider \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer les cons\u00e9quences ou les causes des diff\u00e9rences qui existent d\u00e9j\u00e0 parmi ou entre diff\u00e9rents groupes de personnes.<\/p>\n<p>Lorsque vous pensez \u00e0 la recherche comparative occasionnelle, elle consiste presque toujours en ce qui suit :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Une m\u00e9thode ou un ensemble de m\u00e9thodes permettant d&rsquo;identifier les relations de cause \u00e0 effet.<\/li>\n<li>Un ensemble de personnes (ou d&rsquo;entit\u00e9s) qui ne sont PAS s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9es au hasard &#8211; elles \u00e9taient destin\u00e9es \u00e0 participer \u00e0 cette \u00e9tude sp\u00e9cifique.<\/li>\n<li>Les variables sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans deux groupes ou plus (pas moins de deux, sinon il n&rsquo;y a pas de diff\u00e9renciation entre eux).<\/li>\n<li>Variables ind\u00e9pendantes non manipul\u00e9es &#8211; *typiquement, il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une relation sugg\u00e9r\u00e9e (puisque nous ne pouvons pas contr\u00f4ler compl\u00e8tement la variable ind\u00e9pendante).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Types de recherche comparative occasionnelle<\/h2>\n<p>La recherche comparative occasionnelle se divise en deux types :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recherche comparative r\u00e9trospective<\/li>\n<li>Recherche comparative prospective<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Recherche comparative r\u00e9trospective :<\/strong> Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;\u00e9tudier une question particuli\u00e8re&#8230;. apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;apparition des effets. Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une tentative pour voir si une variable sp\u00e9cifique influence une autre variable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recherche comparative prospective :<\/strong> Ce type de recherche comparative occasionnelle se caract\u00e9rise par le fait qu&rsquo;elle est initi\u00e9e par le chercheur et qu&rsquo;elle part des causes pour analyser les effets d&rsquo;une situation donn\u00e9e. Ce type d&rsquo;enqu\u00eate est beaucoup moins fr\u00e9quent que l&rsquo;enqu\u00eate r\u00e9trospective.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">APPRENEZ-EN PLUS SUR : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/quasi-experimental-research\/\">La recherche quasi-exp\u00e9rimentale<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Recherche comparative causale et recherche corr\u00e9lative<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La r\u00e8gle universelle des statistiques&#8230; corr\u00e9lation n&rsquo;est PAS causalit\u00e9 !  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La recherche comparative occasionnelle ne repose pas sur des relations. Ils comparent plut\u00f4t deux groupes pour d\u00e9terminer si la variable ind\u00e9pendante a affect\u00e9 le r\u00e9sultat de la variable d\u00e9pendante<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans le cadre d&rsquo;une recherche comparative causale, aucune des variables ne peut \u00eatre influenc\u00e9e et une relation de cause \u00e0 effet doit \u00eatre \u00e9tablie \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;un argument logique et convaincant ; dans le cas contraire, il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une corr\u00e9lation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Une autre diff\u00e9rence importante entre les deux m\u00e9thodologies est l&rsquo;analyse des donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es. Dans le cas de la recherche comparative causale, les r\u00e9sultats sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement analys\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de tableaux crois\u00e9s et en comparant les moyennes obtenues. Parall\u00e8lement, dans le cadre de la recherche comparative causale, l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/features\/correlation-analysis.html\">analyse de corr\u00e9lation<\/a> utilise g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des diagrammes de dispersion et des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation.<\/p>\n<h2>Avantages et inconv\u00e9nients de la recherche comparative causale<\/h2>\n<p>Comme toute m\u00e9thodologie de recherche, la recherche comparative causale a une utilisation sp\u00e9cifique et des limites \u00e0 prendre en compte lorsque vous l&rsquo;envisagez dans votre prochain projet. Nous \u00e9num\u00e9rons ci-dessous quelques-uns des principaux avantages et inconv\u00e9nients.<\/p>\n<h3>Avantages<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Elle est plus efficace car elle permet d&rsquo;\u00e9conomiser des ressources humaines et \u00e9conomiques et d&rsquo;agir relativement rapidement.<\/li>\n<li>Identifier les causes de certaines occurrences (ou non-occurrences)<\/li>\n<li>Examine les relations entre les diff\u00e9rentes variables dans lesquelles la variable ind\u00e9pendante est d\u00e9j\u00e0 intervenue.\n<ul>\n<li>Ainsi, l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/descriptive-analysis\/\">analyse descriptive<\/a> plut\u00f4t que l&rsquo;analyse exp\u00e9rimentale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Inconv\u00e9nients<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Il n&rsquo;est pas possible de manipuler\/contr\u00f4ler totalement une variable ind\u00e9pendante et il n&rsquo;y a pas de randomisation.<\/li>\n<li>Comme d&rsquo;autres m\u00e9thodologies, elle est sujette \u00e0 certains <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/research-bias\/\">biais de recherche<\/a>, le plus courant \u00e9tant le<a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/selection-bias\/\">biais de<\/a> s\u00e9lection des sujets ; il convient donc de veiller tout particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9viter afin de ne pas compromettre la validit\u00e9 de ce type de recherche.<\/li>\n<li>La perte de sujets \/ l&rsquo;influence de l&#8217;emplacement \/ la mauvaise attitude des sujets \/ les menaces li\u00e9es aux tests \/ &#8230;.are toujours une possibilit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Enfin, il est important de rappeler que les r\u00e9sultats de ce type de  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/causal-research\/\">recherche causale<\/a>  doivent \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9es avec prudence, car une erreur courante consiste \u00e0 penser que, bien qu&rsquo;il existe une relation entre les deux variables analys\u00e9es, cela ne garantit pas n\u00e9cessairement que la variable influence ou est le principal facteur d&rsquo;influence de la seconde variable.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>APPRENDRE : <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/anova-testing\/\">Les tests ANOVA<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<h2>QuestionPro peut \u00eatre votre alli\u00e9 dans votre prochaine recherche comparative causale.<\/h2>\n<p>QuestionPro est l&rsquo;une des plateformes les plus utilis\u00e9es par les principales agences de recherche au monde, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses diverses fonctions et \u00e0 sa polyvalence lors de la collecte et de l&rsquo;analyse des donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Avec QuestionPro, vous pourrez non seulement collecter les donn\u00e9es n\u00e9cessaires pour mener \u00e0 bien votre recherche comparative causale, mais vous aurez \u00e9galement acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une s\u00e9rie de rapports et d&rsquo;analyses avanc\u00e9s afin d&rsquo;obtenir des informations pr\u00e9cieuses pour votre projet de recherche.<\/p>\n<p>Nous vous invitons \u00e0 en savoir plus sur notre Research Suite, \u00e0 planifier d\u00e8s aujourd&rsquo;hui une d\u00e9monstration gratuite de nos principales fonctionnalit\u00e9s et \u00e0 dissiper tous vos doutes sur nos solutions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/survey-software\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n  <button>EN SAVOIR PLUS<\/button><br \/>\n<\/a>       <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/a\/showEntry.do?sourceRef=blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n  <button>S&rsquo;INSCRIRE GRATUITEMENT<\/button><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p> <em> Auteur<\/em>: John Oppenhimer<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans le domaine de la recherche, il existe de multiples m\u00e9thodologies et moyens de trouver des r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 vos besoins. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":716790,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1079],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Recherche comparative causale : D\u00e9finition, types et avantages | QuestionPro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La recherche causale-comparative est une m\u00e9thodologie utilis\u00e9e pour identifier les relations de cause \u00e0 effet entre les variables ind\u00e9pendantes et d\u00e9pendantes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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