{"id":817770,"date":"2010-07-23T16:16:51","date_gmt":"2010-07-23T16:16:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/reponse-types-biais-et-comment-sen-sortir\/"},"modified":"2023-09-26T05:54:47","modified_gmt":"2023-09-26T05:54:47","slug":"reponse-types-biais-et-comment-sen-sortir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/fr\/reponse-types-biais-et-comment-sen-sortir\/","title":{"rendered":"Biais de style de r\u00e9ponse et comment les surmonter"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2368 size-full\" title=\"\u00c9chelle de notation\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/istock_000012753624xsmall.jpg\" alt=\"Visage heureux Visage neutre Visage triste avec boutons\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">Il y a quelques semaines, Research Access a publi\u00e9 un article sur le nettoyage des donn\u00e9es des panels. L&rsquo;une des m\u00e9thodes a consist\u00e9 \u00e0 supprimer toutes les r\u00e9ponses \u00ab\u00a0extr\u00eames\u00a0\u00bb figurant dans les \u00e9chelles d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation. Si vous avez d\u00e9j\u00e0 re\u00e7u une enqu\u00eate comportant trop de questions d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation matricielle et que vous avez ensuite coch\u00e9 sans r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir toutes les \u00e9valuations les plus basses, les \u00e9valuations moyennes ou les \u00e9valuations \u00e9lev\u00e9es, vous savez qui vous \u00eates et vous savez de quoi je parle.<\/p>\n<p>Cela m&rsquo;a fait penser \u00e0 ces personnes qui ne donnent jamais la meilleure note &#8211; ou \u00e0 celles qui donnent constamment une note \u00e9lev\u00e9e. \u00c0 bien des \u00e9gards, elles ne valent pas mieux que les pan\u00e9listes qui r\u00e9pondaient sans r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 leur enqu\u00eate. En d&rsquo;autres termes, leurs r\u00e9ponses sont suspectes car elles ne sont pas valables pour nous aider \u00e0 prendre une d\u00e9cision.<\/p>\n<p>Puis je suis tomb\u00e9 sur cet article de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jhenning\/\">Jeff Henning<\/a> et j&rsquo;ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que je n&rsquo;\u00e9tais pas le seul \u00e0 y penser. En fait, des personnes bien plus intelligentes que je ne le serai jamais ont fait des recherches approfondies sur le sujet et ont trouv\u00e9 plusieurs solutions que je vais vous pr\u00e9senter ici.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;article de Henning aborde en fait la question du biais de r\u00e9ponse culturelle, et vous pouvez en savoir plus \u00e0 ce sujet dans son article. Voici les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/article\/types-of-questions-question-types.html\">types de questions<\/a> \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9s par Henning qui vous aideront \u00e0 surmonter les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/research-bias\/\">biais de recherche li\u00e9s<\/a> au style de r\u00e9ponse g\u00e9n\u00e9ral :<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelles binaires<\/strong> &#8211; D\u00e8s 1946, Lee Joseph Cronbach (c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pour son <a title=\"Alpha de Cronbach\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cronbach's_alpha\">alpha<\/a> ) a pr\u00e9conis\u00e9 l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;\u00e9chelles \u00e0 deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments : oui\/non, d&rsquo;accord\/d\u00e9saccord, insatisfait\/satisfait, d\u00e9crit\/n&rsquo;est pas d\u00e9crit, afin de minimiser le biais li\u00e9 au style de r\u00e9ponse. Il s&rsquo;agit essentiellement de traiter tout le monde comme des r\u00e9pondeurs de type \u00ab\u00a0Extreme Response Style\u00a0\u00bb.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Questions \u00e0 choix multiples<\/strong> &#8211; Pr\u00e9senter une liste de choix et demander au r\u00e9pondant de \u00ab\u00a0s\u00e9lectionner tout ce qui s&rsquo;applique\u00a0\u00bb est une forme \u00e9conomique d&rsquo;\u00e9chelle binaire, incitant les r\u00e9pondants \u00e0 choisir les \u00e9l\u00e9ments avec lesquels ils sont d&rsquo;accord, qu&rsquo;ils trouvent importants ou dont ils ne sont pas satisfaits.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Questions de classement<\/strong> &#8211; Une autre fa\u00e7on d&rsquo;\u00e9viter les biais de r\u00e9ponse traditionnels consiste \u00e0 utiliser des <a title=\"\u00e9chelles de classement\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/rating-scale\/\">\u00e9chelles de classement<\/a>, o\u00f9 chaque choix de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ne peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 qu&rsquo;une seule fois : du plus important au moins important, du plus satisfaisant au moins satisfaisant, du plus probable au moins probable.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle MaxDiff<\/strong> &#8212; Les mod\u00e8les de choix discrets \u00e0 diff\u00e9rence maximale sont un type de question de classement plus sophistiqu\u00e9, qui pr\u00e9sente g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les attributs quatre par quatre et demande au r\u00e9pondant de s\u00e9lectionner les meilleurs et les pires attributs de chaque ensemble : les attributs pr\u00e9sentant la diff\u00e9rence maximale. La recherche a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle MaxDiff est sup\u00e9rieure aux \u00e9chelles d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation pour l&rsquo;analyse interculturelle. (Steve Cohen &amp; Leopoldo Neira, 2003, \u00ab\u00a0<a title=\"Mesurer la pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les avantages d'un produit dans diff\u00e9rents pays : Surmonter le biais d'utilisation de l'\u00e9chelle avec l'\u00e9chelle de diff\u00e9rence maximale\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?cites=9396518297114321783&amp;as_sdt=2005&amp;sciodt=2000&amp;hl=en\">Measuring Preference for Product Benefits Across Countries : Overcoming scale usage bias with Maximum Difference Scaling<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Le\u00e7ons apprises : Les enqu\u00eates doivent fournir des donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires pour votre d\u00e9cision &#8211; et non pas PRENDRE votre d\u00e9cision.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ce ne sont donc pas seulement les panels qui peuvent \u00ab\u00a0salir\u00a0\u00bb vos donn\u00e9es au point de donner une image erron\u00e9e de ce que ressentent r\u00e9ellement les personnes interrog\u00e9es. Les biais de r\u00e9ponse se pr\u00e9sentent sous autant de formes qu&rsquo;il y a d&rsquo;opinions humaines. Le point essentiel est que les d\u00e9cisions sont prises en dernier ressort par des \u00eatres humains. Les gestionnaires et les chefs d&rsquo;entreprise peuvent utiliser les donn\u00e9es d&rsquo;enqu\u00eate comme une source d&rsquo;information suppl\u00e9mentaire pour les aider \u00e0 prendre une d\u00e9cision &#8211; un peu comme l&rsquo;option \u00ab\u00a0Demandez au public\u00a0\u00bb dans \u00ab\u00a0Qui veut gagner des millions\u00a0\u00bb &#8211; mais cela ne signifie pas que vous ne devez pas faire appel \u00e0 votre propre jugement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il y a quelques semaines, Research Access a publi\u00e9 un article sur le nettoyage des donn\u00e9es des panels. L&rsquo;une des [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":128,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1540],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Biais de style de r\u00e9ponse et comment les surmonter | QuestionPro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il y a quelques semaines, Research Access a publi\u00e9 un article sur le nettoyage des donn\u00e9es des panels. 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