{"id":80413,"date":"2018-09-08T02:00:53","date_gmt":"2018-09-08T09:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/?p=80413"},"modified":"2025-01-17T09:51:28","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T16:51:28","slug":"escala-nominal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/escala-nominal\/","title":{"rendered":"Escala nominal: 1\u00ba n\u00edvel da escala de medi\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/escalas-de-medicao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Escalas de medi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/escala-ordinal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2\u00ba n\u00edvel: escala ordinal<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/escala-de-intervalo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">3\u00ba n\u00edvel: escala de intervalo<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/escala-de-razao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">4\u00ba n\u00edvel: escala de raz\u00e3o<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uma escala nominal \u00e9 uma <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/escalas-de-medicao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">escala de medi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> na qual os n\u00fameros servem como &#8220;r\u00f3tulos&#8221; apenas para identificar ou classificar um objeto. Uma escala de medi\u00e7\u00e3o nominal normalmente trata apenas de vari\u00e1veis n\u00e3o num\u00e9ricas (n\u00e3o quantitativas).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Por exemplo, suponha que esta pergunta seja feita em uma cl\u00ednica m\u00e9dica:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Voc\u00ea pode selecionar o grau de desconforto da sua doen\u00e7a?&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0As op\u00e7\u00f5es de resposta usadas para esse tipo de escala seriam:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leve<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moderado<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grave<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neste exemplo em particular, 1 = leve, 2 = moderado e 3 = grave. Aqui, os n\u00fameros s\u00e3o simplesmente usados como etiquetas e n\u00e3o t\u00eam valor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Existem quatro n\u00edveis de medi\u00e7\u00e3o: a escala nominal, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/escala-ordinal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">escala ordinal<\/a>, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/escala-de-intervalo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">escala de intervalo<\/a> e a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/escala-de-razao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">escala de raz\u00e3o<\/a>. Essas escalas de medi\u00e7\u00e3o servem para categorizar diferentes vari\u00e1veis (um elemento, caracter\u00edstica ou fator que provavelmente varia).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Por padr\u00e3o, todas as vari\u00e1veis se enquadram em uma das quatro escalas mencionadas acima. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compreender suas propriedades e atribuir as vari\u00e1veis a uma das <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/escalas-de-medicao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">quatro escalas de medi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> \u00e9 importante porque determina quais opera\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o permitidas e quais n\u00e3o s\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A escala nominal possui apenas a caracter\u00edstica de descri\u00e7\u00e3o. Isso significa que possui r\u00f3tulos exclusivos que servem para identificar ou delegar valores aos artigos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quando a escala nominal \u00e9 usada para fins de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o, h\u00e1 uma correla\u00e7\u00e3o individual entre um objeto e o valor atribu\u00eddo a ele. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Por exemplo:<\/strong>\u00a0os n\u00fameros escritos nos carros de corrida est\u00e3o simplesmente l\u00e1 para identificar o motorista associado ao carro, a realidade \u00e9 que esses n\u00fameros n\u00e3o t\u00eam nada a ver com as caracter\u00edsticas do carro.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quando a escala nominal \u00e9 usada para fins de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o, os n\u00fameros atribu\u00eddos ao objeto servem como r\u00f3tulos para categorizar e organizar objetos por classe.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Veja: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/escala-de-classificacao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"bookmark noopener noreferrer\">Vantagens e desvantagens da escala de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do ponto de vista estat\u00edstico, a escala nominal \u00e9 uma das escalas de medi\u00e7\u00e3o mais f\u00e1ceis de entender e \u00e9 atribu\u00edda a itens, objetos ou elementos que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o quantitativos nem orientados a um n\u00famero.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Por exemplo, suponha que tenhamos 5 cores: laranja, azul, vermelho, preto e amarelo. Podemos list\u00e1-las em qualquer ordem que desejar, de 1 a 5 ou de 5 a 1 em ordem crescente ou decrescente. Aqui os n\u00fameros s\u00e3o atribu\u00eddos \u00e0s cores apenas para fins de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Outro exemplo de uma escala nominal \u00e9 uma escala de sim \/ n\u00e3o. Essas duas palavras n\u00e3o t\u00eam ordem.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Leia tamb\u00e9m: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/perguntas-de-escala-de-qualificacao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"bookmark noopener noreferrer\">Perguntas de escala de qualifica\u00e7\u00e3o com precis\u00e3o decimal.<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As 3 principais caracter\u00edsticas da escala nominal<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Uma vari\u00e1vel \u00e9 dividida em duas ou mais categorias, por exemplo, concordo \/ discordo, sim \/ n\u00e3o, etc. \u00c9 um mecanismo de medi\u00e7\u00e3o em que a resposta a uma pergunta em particular pode se enquadrar em qualquer categoria.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A escala nominal \u00e9 de natureza qualitativa, o que significa que os n\u00fameros s\u00e3o usados \u200b\u200bapenas para categorizar ou identificar objetos. Por exemplo, no futebol, voc\u00ea notou que os jogadores t\u00eam um n\u00famero na camisa? A realidade \u00e9 que esses n\u00fameros n\u00e3o t\u00eam nada a ver com a capacidade dos jogadores, no entanto, eles podem ajudar a identificar o jogador.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Os n\u00fameros n\u00e3o definem as caracter\u00edsticas relacionadas ao objeto, o que significa que cada n\u00famero \u00e9 atribu\u00eddo a um objeto aleat\u00f3rio ou por sua pr\u00f3pria decis\u00e3o. O \u00fanico aspecto permitido relacionado aos n\u00fameros em uma escala nominal \u00e9 que eles servem para &#8220;contar&#8221;. Se voltarmos ao exemplo da classifica\u00e7\u00e3o de homens e mulheres, sendo 1 homem e 2 mulher, os n\u00fameros nos ajudar\u00e3o a saber quantos homens (1) existem e quantas mulheres (2) existem.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exemplos<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estes s\u00e3o alguns exemplos de escalas de medida nominais que ajudar\u00e3o voc\u00ea a entender um pouco melhor o que \u00e9 essa escala de medi\u00e7\u00e3o e para que serve.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-111382\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Captura-de-Tela-2020-09-12-a\u0300s-16.12.10.png\" alt=\"escala nominal 1\" width=\"247\" height=\"291\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Agora, a mesma pergunta foi aplicada com as mesmas vari\u00e1veis, por\u00e9m em ordem diferente. Perceba que n\u00e3o far\u00e1 diferen\u00e7a na hora da coleta de dados.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-111389\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Captura-de-Tela-2020-09-12-a\u0300s-16.11.32.png\" alt=\"escala nominal 2\" width=\"256\" height=\"298\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m um subtipo com apenas duas categorias, conhecido como <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/pergunta-dicotomica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">escala nominal dicot\u00f4mica<\/a>.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-111396 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Captura-de-Tela-2020-09-12-a\u0300s-16.15.59.png\" alt=\"escala nominal - pergunta dico\" width=\"226\" height=\"131\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conclus\u00e3o<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O objetivo deste artigo foi dar uma ideia sobre a escala nominal e informar se essa \u00e9 uma ferramenta \u00fatil para voc\u00ea executar o processo anal\u00edtico necess\u00e1rio.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em uma escala nominal, \u00e9 f\u00e1cil gerar respostas usando perguntas fechadas; raz\u00e3o pela qual muitas respostas podem ser coletadas em um curto per\u00edodo de tempo. O que, por sua vez, aumenta a confiabilidade das respostas.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">gora que voc\u00ea sabe <strong>as caracter\u00edsticas de uma escala nominal<\/strong>,\u00a0\u00e9 hora de come\u00e7ar a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/pt-br\/tour\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pesquisar<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0 Lembre-se que na<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/pt-br\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">QuestionPro<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> temos as ferramentas de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/pt-br\/tour\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pesquisa online<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> e tamb\u00e9m <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/pt-br\/mobile\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">offline<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> que voc\u00ea precisa para o seu neg\u00f3cio decolar! Agende uma demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o sem compromisso, totalmente gratuita e em portugu\u00eas e conhe\u00e7a todos os<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recursos que temos dispon\u00edveis em nossas <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/pt-br\/features\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">diferentes licen\u00e7as<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/demonstracaovirtual.questionpro.com\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-109079 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bota\u0303o-demo-1-300x46.png\" alt=\"agendar demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"300\" height=\"46\" \/><\/a><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-109585 size-full alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/linha.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"755\" height=\"40\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/questionpro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-109606 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/facebook-e1597935894781.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC7BZDtLJ0mdrVqrVtyToMTw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-109648 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/youtube-e1597935924174.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/QuestionProBr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-109634 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/twitter-e1597936001521.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/questionprobr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-109620 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/instagram-e1597936031661.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/questionpro-br\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-109627 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/linkedin-e1597935985111.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Escalas de medi\u00e7\u00e3o 2\u00ba n\u00edvel: escala ordinal 3\u00ba n\u00edvel: escala de intervalo 4\u00ba n\u00edvel: escala de raz\u00e3o Uma escala nominal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":80414,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[223],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Escala nominal: 1\u00ba n\u00edvel da escala de medi\u00e7\u00e3o | QuestionPro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Conhe\u00e7a os elementos que identificam uma escala nominal, o 1\u00ba n\u00edvel de medi\u00e7\u00e3o, e saiba se esse \u00e9 o adequado para a sua pr\u00f3xima pesquisa online.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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