{"id":995072,"date":"2018-10-13T02:00:02","date_gmt":"2018-10-13T09:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/o-que-e-a-investigacao-social\/"},"modified":"2025-01-24T10:37:12","modified_gmt":"2025-01-24T17:37:12","slug":"o-que-e-a-investigacao-social","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt\/o-que-e-a-investigacao-social\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo utilizado por cientistas sociais e investigadores para conhecer as pessoas e as sociedades. Esta investiga\u00e7\u00e3o permite conceber produtos ou servi\u00e7os adaptados \u00e0s diferentes necessidades das pessoas. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diferentes grupos socioecon\u00f3micos pertencentes a diferentes partes de um local pensam de forma diferente. \u00c9 necess\u00e1rio abordar v\u00e1rios aspectos do comportamento humano para compreender os seus pensamentos e coment\u00e1rios sobre o mundo que os rodeia. Tudo isto pode ser descoberto atrav\u00e9s da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qualquer tema pode desencadear a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social: uma nova funcionalidade, uma nova tend\u00eancia de mercado ou uma atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o tecnol\u00f3gica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social \u00e9 realizada de acordo com um plano de a\u00e7\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tico que inclui m\u00e9todos de <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">observa\u00e7\u00e3o qualitativa<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> y <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">observa\u00e7\u00e3o quantitativa<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os m\u00e9todos qualitativos baseiam-se na comunica\u00e7\u00e3o direta com os membros de um mercado, na observa\u00e7\u00e3o e na an\u00e1lise de textos. Os resultados deste m\u00e9todo centram-se mais na precis\u00e3o do que na generaliza\u00e7\u00e3o a toda a popula\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os m\u00e9todos quantitativos utilizam t\u00e9cnicas de an\u00e1lise estat\u00edstica para avaliar os dados recolhidos atrav\u00e9s de inqu\u00e9ritos, sondagens ou question\u00e1rios.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social cont\u00e9m elementos destes dois m\u00e9todos que servem para analisar uma gama diferente de desenvolvimentos sociais, tais como uma investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de locais hist\u00f3ricos, censos do pa\u00eds, an\u00e1lise detalhada da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o realizada para compreender as raz\u00f5es do aumento das den\u00fancias de abuso sexual no pa\u00eds, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tipos de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Existem quatro tipos principais de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social: investiga\u00e7\u00e3o qualitativa, investiga\u00e7\u00e3o quantitativa, investiga\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria e investiga\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o qualitativa: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o qualitativa \u00e9 definida como um m\u00e9todo de recolha de dados atrav\u00e9s de discuss\u00f5es abertas e de conversa\u00e7\u00e3o. Existem cinco m\u00e9todos principais para efetuar investiga\u00e7\u00e3o qualitativa: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">investiga\u00e7\u00e3o etnogr\u00e1fica,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> grupos de discuss\u00e3o ou <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">grupos de discuss\u00e3o <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">entrevistas, entrevistas individuais, an\u00e1lise de conte\u00fado e investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de estudos de caso.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geralmente, os participantes n\u00e3o s\u00e3o retirados do ecossistema em que se encontram para realizar a recolha de dados, algo que \u00e9 b\u00e1sico para os dados qualitativos. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dados qualitativos<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00e9 o facto de serem frequentemente recolhidos em tempo real. De facto, os investigadores recorrem frequentemente a m\u00faltiplos m\u00e9todos para recolher dados qualitativos sobre problemas complexos. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o quantitativa: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o quantitativa \u00e9 uma fonte de recolha de dados extremamente informativa, realizada atrav\u00e9s de meios como inqu\u00e9ritos e question\u00e1rios. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os dados recolhidos podem ser analisados para se chegar a conclus\u00f5es com resultados num\u00e9ricos ou estat\u00edsticos. Existem quatro m\u00e9todos diferentes de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o quantitativa: os inqu\u00e9ritos, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">investiga\u00e7\u00e3o correlacional <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">investiga\u00e7\u00e3o causal comparativa e investiga\u00e7\u00e3o experimental. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">investiga\u00e7\u00e3o experimental.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Esta investiga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 efectuada numa amostra representativa do mercado-alvo e utiliza geralmente <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">perguntas fechadas<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> para obter informa\u00e7\u00f5es e, al\u00e9m disso, os dados s\u00e3o representados em tabelas, quadros, gr\u00e1ficos, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria \u00e9 realizada pelos pr\u00f3prios investigadores. Neste tipo de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, h\u00e1 uma lista de perguntas que o investigador deve fazer e que devem ser personalizadas de acordo com o mercado-alvo. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estas perguntas s\u00e3o normalmente enviadas aos participantes atrav\u00e9s de inqu\u00e9ritos, sondagens ou question\u00e1rios para tornar a an\u00e1lise conveniente para o investigador. Como os dados s\u00e3o recolhidos em primeira m\u00e3o, n\u00e3o s\u00e3o muito precisos. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria: A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo em que as organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o ou os profissionais de marketing j\u00e1 recolheram informa\u00e7\u00f5es. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jornais, comunidades em linha, relat\u00f3rios, etc., s\u00e3o alguns dos m\u00e9todos que se enquadram na categoria de m\u00e9todos de recolha de dados para a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria. Depois de identificado o tema das fontes de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, o investigador pode recolher a informa\u00e7\u00e3o existente dispon\u00edvel e, em seguida, dedicar-se \u00e0 investiga\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Com os resultados, o investigador pode combinar toda a informa\u00e7\u00e3o e analis\u00e1-la para chegar a conclus\u00f5es.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e9todos de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Pesquisa: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Um inqu\u00e9rito \u00e9 realizado atrav\u00e9s do envio de um conjunto de perguntas pr\u00e9-determinadas a uma amostra de indiv\u00edduos de um mercado-alvo. \u00c9 isto que leva \u00e0 recolha de informa\u00e7\u00f5es e coment\u00e1rios de pessoas de diferentes origens, grupos \u00e9tnicos, faixas et\u00e1rias, etc. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os inqu\u00e9ritos podem ser realizados online ou offline. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inqu\u00e9ritos offline<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Debido a los avances tecnol\u00f3gicos y su alcance, hoy en d\u00eda un aumento en el n\u00famero de personas que dependen del software de encuestas en l\u00ednea para realizar dichas encuestas. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Existem v\u00e1rios tipos de inqu\u00e9ritos de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social: longitudinais, transversais e correlacionais. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os inqu\u00e9ritos de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social longitudinais e transversais s\u00e3o m\u00e9todos de observa\u00e7\u00e3o, enquanto a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social correlacional \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o experimental. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do mesmo modo, os inqu\u00e9ritos de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o longitudinais s\u00e3o realizados com a mesma amostra ao longo do tempo, enquanto os inqu\u00e9ritos transversais s\u00e3o realizados com amostras diferentes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Experi\u00eancias: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os investigadores realizam investiga\u00e7\u00e3o experimental para observar a altera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma vari\u00e1vel sobre a outra, ou seja, para estabelecer a causa e os efeitos de uma vari\u00e1vel. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ao fazer uma experi\u00eancia, h\u00e1 uma teoria que tem de ser provada ou refutada atrav\u00e9s de uma observa\u00e7\u00e3o e an\u00e1lise cuidadosas. Uma experi\u00eancia eficaz consegue construir uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o causa-efeito e provar, refutar ou refutar uma teoria. Os investigadores preferem as experi\u00eancias de laborat\u00f3rio e as experi\u00eancias de campo. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Entrevistas: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A t\u00e9cnica de obten\u00e7\u00e3o de opini\u00f5es e coment\u00e1rios atrav\u00e9s da coloca\u00e7\u00e3o de perguntas selecionadas, presencialmente, por telefone ou em linha, \u00e9 designada por investiga\u00e7\u00e3o por entrevista. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Existem entrevistas formais e informais: as entrevistas formais s\u00e3o aquelas organizadas pelo investigador com perguntas estruturadas abertas, enquanto as entrevistas informais s\u00e3o aquelas que se assemelham mais a conversas com os participantes e tamb\u00e9m se concentram apenas na recolha do m\u00e1ximo de informa\u00e7\u00e3o poss\u00edvel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Observa\u00e7\u00e3o: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Na investiga\u00e7\u00e3o observacional, espera-se que o investigador participe na vida quotidiana de todos os participantes para compreender a sua rotina, as suas capacidades de decis\u00e3o, a sua capacidade de lidar com a press\u00e3o, bem como os seus gostos e avers\u00f5es em geral. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estes factores e as observa\u00e7\u00f5es registadas s\u00e3o utilizados para decidir factores como, por exemplo, se uma altera\u00e7\u00e3o da lei afectar\u00e1 o estilo de vida de uma pessoa ou se uma nova carater\u00edstica de um produto ser\u00e1 aceite pelas pessoas, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<br>\n<center>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/eu.questionpro.com\/a\/showEntry.do?lan=pt_PT&#038;custom1=blog\">\n        <button style=\"background: #ff9f00\">Cria uma conta gratuita<\/button>\n    <\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/contactar.questionpro.com\/t\/AM4X9Z3LxD?custom1=investiga\u00e7\u00e3o-social\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <button>Agendar uma demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o<\/button>\n    <\/a>\n<\/center>\n<br>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo utilizado por cientistas sociais e investigadores para conhecer as pessoas e as sociedades. Esta [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":995074,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2193,2140],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Conhece as carater\u00edsticas da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o social e a forma de a realizar. 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