{"id":324003,"date":"2018-04-09T06:05:51","date_gmt":"2018-04-09T13:05:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/ornekleme-turleri-orneklerle-ornekleme-yontemleri\/"},"modified":"2018-04-09T06:05:51","modified_gmt":"2018-04-09T13:05:51","slug":"ornekleme-turleri-orneklerle-ornekleme-yontemleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/ornekleme-turleri-orneklerle-ornekleme-yontemleri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6rnekleme T\u00fcrleri: \u00d6rneklerle \u00d6rnekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b>\u00f6rnekleme nedir?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rnekleme<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> onlardan istatistiksel \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar yapmak ve t\u00fcm pop\u00fclasyonun \u00f6zelliklerini tahmin etmek i\u00e7in pop\u00fclasyonun tek tek \u00fcyelerini veya bir alt k\u00fcmesini se\u00e7me tekni\u011fidir. Farkl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/what-is-market-research\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, b\u00f6ylece eyleme ge\u00e7irilebilir i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler toplamak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm pop\u00fclasyonu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na gerek kalmaz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ayn\u0131 zamanda zaman a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uygun ve uygun maliyetli bir y\u00f6ntemdir ve bu nedenle herhangi bir<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/research-design\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ara\u015ft\u0131rma tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n<\/span><\/a> temelini olu\u015fturur.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u00d6rnekleme teknikleri, optimum t\u00fcretme i\u00e7in bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma anket yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00d6rne\u011fin,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bir ila\u00e7 \u00fcreticisi, bir ilac\u0131n \u00fclke n\u00fcfusu \u00fczerindeki olumsuz yan etkilerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak isterse, herkesi kapsayan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapmak neredeyse imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu durumda, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 her birinden birer insan \u00f6rne\u011fine karar verir. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">demografik<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ve daha sonra bunlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve ona ilac\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6sterge niteli\u011finde geri bildirim verir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"square-cta secondary-lined-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/a\/showEntry.do?mode=audience&amp;sourceRef=blog-audience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Yan\u0131tlayanlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><b>\u00d6rnekleme t\u00fcrleri: \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemleri <\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda \u00f6rnekleme iki t\u00fcrd\u00fcr &#8211; olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme ve olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00f6rnekleme. Bu iki \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemine daha yak\u0131ndan bakal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rneklemesi:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/probability-sampling\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rneklemesi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 kriterden olu\u015fan bir se\u00e7im belirledi\u011fi ve bir pop\u00fclasyonun \u00fcyelerini rastgele se\u00e7ti\u011fi bir \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fidir. Bu se\u00e7im parametresi ile t\u00fcm \u00fcyeler, \u00f6rneklemin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in e\u015fit f\u0131rsata sahiptir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00f6rnekleme:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/non-probability-sampling\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00f6rnekleme<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00f6rnekleme, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in rastgele \u00fcyeler se\u00e7er. Bu \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi, sabit veya \u00f6nceden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir se\u00e7im s\u00fcreci de\u011fildir. Bu, bir pop\u00fclasyonun t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fe dahil edilmek i\u00e7in e\u015fit f\u0131rsatlara sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Bu blogda, herhangi bir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/what-is-market-research\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">uygulayabilece\u011finiz \u00e7e\u015fitli olas\u0131l\u0131k ve olas\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemlerini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz<\/span> .<\/p>\n<h3><b>\u00d6rneklerle olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rnekleme t\u00fcrleri:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/probability-sampling\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rneklemesi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n olas\u0131l\u0131k teorisine dayal\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem kullanarak daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pop\u00fclasyondan \u00f6rnekler se\u00e7ti\u011fi bir \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fidir. Bu \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi, pop\u00fclasyonun her \u00fcyesini dikkate al\u0131r ve sabit bir s\u00fcrece dayal\u0131 olarak \u00f6rnekler olu\u015fturur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00d6rne\u011fin,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 1000 \u00fcyeli bir pop\u00fclasyonda, her \u00fcyenin bir \u00f6rneklemin par\u00e7as\u0131 olmak \u00fczere se\u00e7ilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 1\/1000 olacakt\u0131r. Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rneklemesi, pop\u00fclasyondaki yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve t\u00fcm \u00fcyelere \u00f6rne\u011fe dahil edilmek i\u00e7in adil bir \u015fans verir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>D\u00f6rt t\u00fcr olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fi vard\u0131r:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-324006\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/types-of-probability-sampling-min-1.jpg\" alt=\"Types of probability sampling\" width=\"992\" height=\"882\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Basit rastgele \u00f6rnekleme:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zamandan ve kaynaklardan tasarruf etmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan en iyi olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme tekniklerinden biri<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/simple-random-sampling\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Basit Rastgele \u00d6rneklemedir<\/span><\/a> .<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> y\u00f6ntem. Bir pop\u00fclasyonun her bir \u00fcyesinin sadece tesad\u00fcfen rastgele se\u00e7ildi\u011fi g\u00fcvenilir bir bilgi edinme y\u00f6ntemidir. Her bireyin bir \u00f6rne\u011fin par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, 500 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olan bir organizasyonda, \u0130K ekibi ekip olu\u015fturma faaliyetleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye karar verirse, b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla bir kaseden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alar almay\u0131 tercih edeceklerdir. Bu durumda 500 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n her biri e\u015fit se\u00e7ilme \u015fans\u0131na sahiptir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>K\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesi:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/cluster-sampling\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n t\u00fcm pop\u00fclasyonu bir pop\u00fclasyonu temsil eden b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere veya k\u00fcmelere b\u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir y\u00f6ntemdir. K\u00fcmeler ya\u015f, cinsiyet, yer vb. gibi demografik parametrelere dayal\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r ve bir \u00f6rne\u011fe dahil edilir. Bu, bir anket olu\u015fturucunun geri bildirimden etkili \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar yapmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, Birle\u015fik Devletler h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Anakara ABD&#8217;de ya\u015fayan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek isterse, bunu Kaliforniya, Teksas, Florida, Massachusetts, Colorado, Hawaii vb. eyaletlere g\u00f6re k\u00fcmelere ay\u0131rabilir. Sonu\u00e7lar eyaletler halinde d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi ve i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc g\u00f6\u00e7 verileri sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu anketi y\u00fcr\u00fctme y\u00f6ntemi daha etkili olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Sistematik \u00f6rnekleme:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/systematic-sampling\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sistematik \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemini<\/span><\/a> kullan\u0131r<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> bir pop\u00fclasyonun \u00f6rnek \u00fcyelerini d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla se\u00e7mek. Numune i\u00e7in bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131n\u0131n ve d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla tekrar edilebilecek numune b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn se\u00e7ilmesini gerektirir. Bu t\u00fcr \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6nteminin \u00f6nceden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r ve bu nedenle bu \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fi en az zaman alan y\u00f6ntemdir.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 5000 ki\u015filik bir pop\u00fclasyonda 500 ki\u015filik sistematik bir \u00f6rneklem toplamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Pop\u00fclasyonun her bir \u00f6\u011fesini 1-5000 aras\u0131nda numaraland\u0131r\u0131r ve her 10. bireyi \u00f6rneklemin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak se\u00e7er (Toplam pop\u00fclasyon\/\u00d6rnek B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc = 5000\/500 = 10).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Tabakal\u0131 rastgele \u00f6rnekleme:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/stratified-random-sampling\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tabakal\u0131 rastgele \u00f6rnekleme<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n pop\u00fclasyonu \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmeyen ancak t\u00fcm pop\u00fclasyonu temsil eden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gruplara b\u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir y\u00f6ntemdir. \u00d6rnekleme yap\u0131l\u0131rken bu gruplar d\u00fczenlenebilir ve daha sonra her gruptan ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u00f6rnek al\u0131nabilir.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, farkl\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k gelir gruplar\u0131na ait ki\u015filerin \u00f6zelliklerini analiz etmek isteyen bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, y\u0131ll\u0131k aile gelirine g\u00f6re katmanlar (gruplar) olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u2013 20.000 ABD Dolar\u0131ndan az, 21.000 ABD Dolar\u0131 \u2013 30.000 ABD Dolar\u0131, 31.000 ABD Dolar\u0131 ila 40.000 ABD Dolar\u0131, 41.000 ABD Dolar\u0131 ila 50.000 ABD Dolar\u0131 vb. Bunu yaparak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, farkl\u0131 gelir gruplar\u0131na ait ki\u015filerin \u00f6zelliklerini sonuca var\u0131r. Pazarlamac\u0131lar, verimli sonu\u00e7lar verecek bir yol haritas\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in hangi gelir gruplar\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyeceklerini ve hangilerini ortadan kald\u0131racaklar\u0131n\u0131 analiz edebilirler.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rneklemesinin kullan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rneklemesinin birden fazla kullan\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u00d6rnek Sapmas\u0131n\u0131 Azalt\u0131n: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemini kullanarak, bir pop\u00fclasyondan t\u00fcretilen \u00f6rnekte yanl\u0131l\u0131k yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r. \u00d6rneklemin se\u00e7imi esas olarak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rneklemesi daha y\u00fcksek kaliteye yol a\u00e7ar <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00f6rneklem pop\u00fclasyonu uygun \u015fekilde temsil etti\u011finden<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/data-collection\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">veri toplama<\/span><\/a> .<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u00c7e\u015fitli N\u00fcfus:<\/b> N\u00fcfus \u00e7ok geni\u015f ve \u00e7e\u015fitli oldu\u011funda, verilerin tek bir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/demographic-examples\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">demografiye<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">do\u011fru \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli temsile sahip olmak esast\u0131r.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Square, sat\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretebilecek insanlar\u0131 anlamak isterse, ABD genelinde farkl\u0131 end\u00fcstrilerden ve sosyo-ekonomik ge\u00e7mi\u015flerden gelen bir insan \u00f6rne\u011finden yap\u0131lan bir anket yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Do\u011fru Bir \u00d6rnek Olu\u015fturun:<\/b> Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rneklemesi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fru bir \u00f6rnek planlamas\u0131na ve olu\u015fturmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Bu, iyi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f verilerin elde edilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>\u00d6rneklerle olas\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme t\u00fcrleri<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131k<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/non-probability-sampling\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">d\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6ntem<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sabit bir se\u00e7im s\u00fcrecine de\u011fil, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n veya istatistik\u00e7inin \u00f6rnek se\u00e7me yeteneklerine dayal\u0131 bir geri bildirim toplamay\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemidir. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda, olas\u0131 olmayan bir \u00f6rneklemle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir anketin \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131, istenen hedef pop\u00fclasyonu temsil etmeyebilecek \u00e7arp\u0131k sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7ar. Ancak, olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00f6rneklemenin di\u011fer t\u00fcrden \u00e7ok daha faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00f6n a\u015famalar\u0131 veya ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak i\u00e7in maliyet k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 gibi durumlar vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00f6rt t\u00fcr olas\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme, bu \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6nteminin amac\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi a\u00e7\u0131klar:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Uygun \u00f6rnekleme:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bu y\u00f6ntem, bir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezindeki m\u00fc\u015fterileri veya yo\u011fun bir caddede yoldan ge\u00e7enleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmak gibi konulara eri\u015fim kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/convenience-sampling\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kolay \u00f6rnekleme<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme ve deneklerle temasa ge\u00e7me kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6rnek \u00f6\u011feleri se\u00e7me konusunda neredeyse hi\u00e7bir yetkisi yoktur ve bu tamamen yak\u0131nl\u0131k temelinde yap\u0131l\u0131r, temsili de\u011fil. Bu olas\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi, geri bildirim toplamada zaman ve maliyet s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131 oldu\u011funda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ilk a\u015famalar\u0131 gibi kaynak s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu durumlarda kolayda \u00f6rnekleme kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, yeni ba\u015flayanlar ve STK&#8217;lar genellikle yakla\u015fan etkinliklerin bro\u015f\u00fcrlerini da\u011f\u0131tmak veya bir amac\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in bir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezinde kolay \u00f6rnekleme ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir &#8211; bunu al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezi giri\u015finde durarak ve rastgele bro\u015f\u00fcrler da\u011f\u0131tarak yaparlar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Yarg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 veya ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/judgmental-sampling\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yarg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 veya ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00f6rnekler<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n takdirine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, hedef kitlenin anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile birlikte tamamen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 dikkate al\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar y\u00fcksek lisans e\u011fitimi almakla ilgilenen insanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce s\u00fcrecini anlamak istediklerinde. Se\u00e7im kriterleri \u015f\u00f6yle olacakt\u0131r: &#8220;Ustalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u2026&#8217;da yapmakla ilgileniyor musunuz?&#8221; &#8220;Hay\u0131r&#8221; yan\u0131t\u0131 verenler ise \u00f6rnekleme dahil edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Kartopu \u00f6rneklemesi:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/snowball-sampling\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kartopu \u00f6rneklemesi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> deneklerin izlenmesinin zor oldu\u011fu durumlarda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu bir \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bar\u0131nmayan insanlar\u0131 veya yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmak son derece zor olacakt\u0131r. Bu gibi durumlarda, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, kartopu teorisini kullanarak, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapmak ve sonu\u00e7lar elde etmek i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 kategoriyi izleyebilirler. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ayr\u0131ca bu \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemini, \u00f6rne\u011fin HIV Aids hakk\u0131nda bilgi toplamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan anketler gibi, konunun olduk\u00e7a hassas oldu\u011fu ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda da uygularlar. Pek \u00e7ok ma\u011fdur sorulara kolayca cevap vermeyecektir. Yine de ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, ma\u011fdurlarla temasa ge\u00e7mek ve bilgi toplamak i\u00e7in tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 ki\u015filerle veya konuyla ili\u015fkili g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerle ileti\u015fim kurabilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Kota \u00f6rnekleme:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kota<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/quota-sampling\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00f6rneklemede<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, bu \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011finde \u00fcyelerin se\u00e7imi \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f bir standarda g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durumda, belirli niteliklere dayal\u0131 bir \u00f6rneklem olu\u015fturuldu\u011fundan, olu\u015fturulan \u00f6rneklem, toplam pop\u00fclasyonda bulunan ayn\u0131 niteliklere sahip olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rnek toplaman\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00f6rneklemenin kullan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00f6rnekleme a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Bir hipotez olu\u015fturun:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemini<\/span> kullan\u0131r<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00f6nceden hi\u00e7bir bilgi mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir varsay\u0131m olu\u015fturmak. Bu y\u00f6ntem, verilerin an\u0131nda geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur ve daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in bir temel olu\u015fturur.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Ke\u015ffedici ara\u015ft\u0131rma:<\/b> Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, nitel ara\u015ft\u0131rma, pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar veya <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ke\u015fif ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken bu \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fini yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131rlar<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>B\u00fct\u00e7e ve zaman k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131: B\u00fct\u00e7e ve zaman k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131<\/b> oldu\u011funda ve baz\u0131 \u00f6n verilerin toplanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde olas\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6ntem. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/features\/survey-design\/\">Anket tasar\u0131m\u0131<\/a> kat\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 rastgele se\u00e7mek ve anketi veya <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/what-is-a-questionnaire\/\">anketi<\/a> doldurmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak daha kolayd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00f6rnekleme t\u00fcr\u00fcne nas\u0131l karar veriyorsunuz?<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Herhangi bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z\u0131n ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in do\u011fru bir \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi se\u00e7mek \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6rneklemenizin etkinli\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte uzman ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n en iyi \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemine karar vermek i\u00e7in izledikleri baz\u0131 ad\u0131mlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rma hedeflerini not edin. Genel olarak, maliyet, kesinlik veya do\u011frulu\u011fun bir kombinasyonu olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Potansiyel olarak ara\u015ft\u0131rma hedeflerine ula\u015fabilecek etkili \u00f6rnekleme tekniklerini belirleyin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu y\u00f6ntemlerin her birini test edin ve amac\u0131n\u0131za ula\u015fman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in en uygun y\u00f6ntemi se\u00e7in.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"square-cta secondary-lined-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/a\/showEntry.do?mode=audience&amp;sourceRef=blog-audience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Yan\u0131tlayanlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><b>Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme ve olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemleri aras\u0131ndaki fark<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yukar\u0131da farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrde \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemlerine ve bunlar\u0131n alt t\u00fcrlerine bakt\u0131k. Bununla birlikte, t\u00fcm tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6zetlemek i\u00e7in, olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemleri ile olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemleri aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli farklar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"table-border\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><b>Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00d6rnekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00d6rnekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Tan\u0131m<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00d6rneklemesi, olas\u0131l\u0131k teorisine dayal\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem kullan\u0131larak daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pop\u00fclasyondan \u00f6rneklerin se\u00e7ildi\u011fi bir \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fidir.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00f6rnekleme, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n rastgele se\u00e7imden ziyade ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6znel yarg\u0131s\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak \u00f6rnekleri se\u00e7ti\u011fi bir \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fidir.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Alternatif Olarak Bilinen<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rastgele \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rastgele olmayan \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>N\u00fcfus se\u00e7imi<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pop\u00fclasyon rastgele se\u00e7ilir.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pop\u00fclasyon keyfi olarak se\u00e7ilir.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Do\u011fa<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rma kesindir.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ke\u015fif ama\u00e7l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u00d6rneklem<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rnekleme karar vermenin bir y\u00f6ntemi oldu\u011fundan, n\u00fcfus demografisi kesin olarak temsil edilir.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi keyfi oldu\u011fundan, n\u00fcfus demografisi g\u00f6sterimi neredeyse her zaman \u00e7arp\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rma tasar\u0131m\u0131, pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce se\u00e7im parametrelerini tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi daha uzun s\u00fcrer.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu t\u00fcr \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi, ne \u00f6rnek ne de \u00f6rne\u011fin se\u00e7im kriterleri tan\u0131ms\u0131z oldu\u011fundan h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Sonu\u00e7lar<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu t\u00fcr \u00f6rnekleme tamamen tarafs\u0131zd\u0131r ve bu nedenle sonu\u00e7lar da tarafs\u0131z ve kesindir.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu t\u00fcr \u00f6rnekleme tamamen tarafl\u0131d\u0131r ve bu nedenle sonu\u00e7lar da tarafl\u0131d\u0131r, bu da ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 spek\u00fclatif hale getirir.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Hipotez<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rneklemesinde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce alt\u0131nda yatan bir hipotez vard\u0131r ve bu y\u00f6ntemin amac\u0131 hipotezi kan\u0131tlamakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00f6rneklemede, ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra hipotez t\u00fcretilir.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00f6rnekleme nedir? \u00d6rnekleme onlardan istatistiksel \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar yapmak ve t\u00fcm pop\u00fclasyonun \u00f6zelliklerini tahmin etmek i\u00e7in pop\u00fclasyonun tek tek \u00fcyelerini veya bir [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":324004,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[998,229],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00d6rnekleme T\u00fcrleri: \u00d6rneklerle \u00d6rnekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri | QuestionPro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pop\u00fclasyonunuzdan istatistiksel \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar yapmak i\u00e7in \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinin. 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