{"id":729829,"date":"2018-08-01T08:29:16","date_gmt":"2018-08-01T15:29:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/kota-orneklemesi-tanim-turler-ornekler-adimlar-ve-daha-fazlasi\/"},"modified":"2018-08-01T08:29:16","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T08:29:16","slug":"kota-orneklemesi-tanim-turler-ornekler-adimlar-ve-daha-fazlasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/kota-orneklemesi-tanim-turler-ornekler-adimlar-ve-daha-fazlasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kota \u00f6rneklemesi: Tan\u0131m, t\u00fcrler, \u00f6rnekler, ad\u0131mlar ve daha fazlas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>Kota \u00f6rneklemesi nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kota \u00f6rneklemesi \u015fu \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlan\u0131r <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/non-probability-sampling\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00f6rnekleme<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bir pop\u00fclasyonu temsil eden bireyleri i\u00e7eren bir \u00f6rneklem olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 y\u00f6ntem. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu bireyleri belirli \u00f6zelliklere veya niteliklere g\u00f6re se\u00e7mektedir. Pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinin veri toplamada faydal\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in kotalar belirler ve olu\u015ftururlar. Bu \u00f6rnekler t\u00fcm n\u00fcfusa genellenebilir. Nihai alt k\u00fcmeye yaln\u0131zca g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmecinin veya ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n pop\u00fclasyon hakk\u0131ndaki bilgisine g\u00f6re karar verilecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, bir sigara \u015firketi belirli bir \u015fehirde hangi ya\u015f grubunun hangi marka sigaray\u0131 tercih etti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyor.  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/features\/quota-management.html\">Anket kotas\u0131n\u0131<\/a> 21-30, 31-40, 41-50 ve 51+ ya\u015f gruplar\u0131na uygulamaktad\u0131rlar. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 bu bilgilerden yola \u00e7\u0131karak \u015fehir n\u00fcfusu aras\u0131ndaki sigara i\u00e7me e\u011filimini \u00f6l\u00e7mektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"square-cta secondary-lined-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/a\/showEntry.do?mode=audience&amp;sourceRef=blog-audience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Kota \u00f6rnekleme t\u00fcrleri:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kota \u00f6rneklemesi iki \u00e7e\u015fit olabilir &#8211; kontroll\u00fc kota \u00f6rneklemesi ve kontrols\u00fcz kota \u00f6rneklemesi. \u0130\u015fte ne demek istedikleri:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Kontroll\u00fc kota \u00f6rneklemesi:<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kontroll\u00fc kota \u00f6rneklemesi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rneklem se\u00e7imine k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirir. Burada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, \u00f6rneklem se\u00e7imi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Kontrols\u00fcz kota \u00f6rneklemesi:<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kontrols\u00fcz kota \u00f6rneklemesi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rneklem se\u00e7imine herhangi bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirmez. Burada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u00f6rneklem \u00fcyelerini istedi\u011fi gibi se\u00e7er.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Kota \u00f6rnekleme \u00f6rne\u011fi:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kota \u00f6rneklemesinin temel bir \u00f6rne\u011fine bakal\u0131m:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, bireylere hangi ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon markas\u0131n\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 tercih ettikleri konusunda anket yapmak istiyor. \u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc 500 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, ABD&#8217;de sadece on eyaleti ara\u015ft\u0131rmakla ilgileniyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfusu kotalara g\u00f6re nas\u0131l b\u00f6lebilece\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cinsiyet: 250 erkek ve 250 kad\u0131n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ya\u015f: 16-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50 ve 51+ ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 100&#8217;er kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130stihdam durumu: 350 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve 150 i\u015fsiz ki\u015fi.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar daha fazla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e kota uygulamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 150 i\u015fsizden 100&#8217;\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6\u011frenci olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Konum: Eyalet ba\u015f\u0131na 50 yan\u0131t<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme \u00e7er\u00e7evesine dayal\u0131 kotalar uygulayabilir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n kotalar\u0131 e\u015fit olarak b\u00f6lmesi gerekli de\u011fildir. Kotalar\u0131 kendi ihtiyac\u0131na g\u00f6re b\u00f6ler (ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n 350 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve sadece 150 i\u015fsiz bireyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6rnekte g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi). Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in rastgele \u00f6rnekleme yap\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"square-cta secondary-lined-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/a\/showEntry.do?mode=audience&amp;sourceRef=blog-audience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><b>Kota \u00f6rneklemesi nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme teknikleri, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rneklem olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in izlemesi gereken \u00f6nemli miktarda kural i\u00e7erir. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/what-is-online-research-sample\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00f6rnekler<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ancak, kota \u00f6rneklemesi olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan bir \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fi oldu\u011fundan, resmi olarak \u00f6rneklem olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in herhangi bir kural yoktur. Bir kota \u00f6rne\u011fi olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in genellikle d\u00f6rt ad\u0131m vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte ad\u0131mlar:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>\u00d6rnek pop\u00fclasyonu alt gruplara ay\u0131r\u0131n:  <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tabakal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme ile ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 t\u00fcm pop\u00fclasyonu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak kapsaml\u0131 alt gruplara ay\u0131r\u0131r, yani alt gruplar\u0131n her birinin elemanlar\u0131 bu alt gruplardan yaln\u0131zca birinin par\u00e7as\u0131 olur. Burada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 rastgele se\u00e7im uygular.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Alt gruplar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyin:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, alt gruplar\u0131n pop\u00fclasyonda hangi oranda bulundu\u011funu de\u011ferlendirir. Bu t\u00fcr bir \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131larak se\u00e7ilen \u00f6rneklemde bu oran\u0131 korur.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, Bluetooth kulakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 sat\u0131n almakla ilgilenen ki\u015filerin %58&#8217;i 25-35 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaysa, alt gruplar\u0131n\u0131zda da ilgili ya\u015f grubuna ait ki\u015filerin ayn\u0131 y\u00fczdelere sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Uygun bir \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc se\u00e7in:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ad\u0131mda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, bir \u00f6nceki ad\u0131mda de\u011ferlendirilen oran\u0131 koruyarak \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7melidir. E\u011fer evren b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 500 ise, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 50 elemandan olu\u015fan bir \u00f6rneklem se\u00e7ebilir.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130lk \u00fc\u00e7 ad\u0131m\u0131n ard\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilen \u00f6rneklem hedef kitleyi temsil etmelidir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Belirlenen kotalara g\u00f6re anketler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin:  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ger\u00e7ek uygulanabilir sonu\u00e7lar elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f kotalara ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun. Dolu olan kotalar i\u00e7in anket yapmay\u0131n ve her kota i\u00e7in anketleri tamamlamaya odaklan\u0131n.<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-120677\" src=\"http:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/49-Characteristics-of-quota-Sampling.jpg\" alt=\"Kota \u00d6rneklemesi\" width=\"992\" height=\"1044\"><\/h3>\n<h3><b>Kota \u00f6rneklemesinin \u00f6zellikleri:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130\u015fte kota \u00f6rneklemesinin en \u00f6nemli on \u00f6zelli\u011fi<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nihai \u00f6rneklemde kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n en iyi \u015fekilde temsil edilmesini ama\u00e7lar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kotalar, ilgili n\u00fcfusu ger\u00e7ek anlamda kopyalar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00dcretilen tahminler daha temsilidir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kota \u00f6rneklerinin kalitesi de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rneklem evreni temsil etti\u011fi i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rma verisi toplama s\u00fcresinden tasarruf sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kotalar n\u00fcfusu do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde temsil ediyorsa ara\u015ft\u0131rma maliyetlerinden tasarruf sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ankete kat\u0131lan birey t\u00fcrlerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 izler.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, pop\u00fclasyonu her zaman alt gruplara ay\u0131r\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rneklem t\u00fcm pop\u00fclasyonu temsil eder.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, belirli bir grup insan\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini belirlemek i\u00e7in \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemini kullan\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><b>Kota \u00f6rneklemesinin avantajlar\u0131<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130\u015fte kota \u00f6rneklemesinin en \u00f6nemli d\u00f6rt avantaj\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Zaman kazand\u0131r\u0131r: <\/b>\u00d6rneklem olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in bir kota kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bu \u00f6rnekleme s\u00fcreci h\u0131zl\u0131 ve basittir.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131: <\/b>Kota \u00f6rneklemesi ve uygun ara\u015ft\u0131rma sorular\u0131 kullan\u0131larak, ankete verilen yan\u0131tlar\u0131n ve bilgilerin yorumlanmas\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha kolay bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0130lgili pop\u00fclasyonun do\u011fru temsili: <\/b>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fini kullanarak bir pop\u00fclasyonu etkili bir \u015fekilde temsil eder. Bu \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n belirli kotalar kullanarak pop\u00fclasyonu incelemesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 temsile yer yoktur.<\/li>\n<li><b>Para tasarrufu sa\u011flar: <\/b>Bu \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemini uygulamak i\u00e7in gereken b\u00fct\u00e7e minimum d\u00fczeydedir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"square-cta secondary-lined-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/a\/showEntry.do?mode=audience&amp;sourceRef=blog-audience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><b>Kota \u00f6rneklemesi uygulamalar\u0131:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da kota \u00f6rneklemesinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak i\u00e7in belirli kriterlere sahip oldu\u011fu durumlarda, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n istenen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 elde etmeleri i\u00e7in son derece uygun hale gelen alt gruplar\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesine izin verir. Bir \u00f6zellik veya karakteristik, alt grup olu\u015fumu i\u00e7in filtre olabilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, zaman k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 oldu\u011funda bu y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131r. Kotalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131ya \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ilgilenilen t\u00fcm pop\u00fclasyon hakk\u0131nda bir fikir verir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00e7esi k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011funda kotalar uygulan\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfusu ara\u015ft\u0131rmak yerine, n\u00fcfusun t\u00fcm resmini elde etmek i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 kota kullanarak paradan tasarruf eder.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rma projesinin do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi kesin do\u011fruluk gerektirmez. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7in kota \u00f6rneklemesine ba\u015fvurmak i\u00e7in idealdir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>QuestionPro Audience ile \u00d6rnekleme<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/audience\/\">QuestionPro Audience<\/a>, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 22 milyondan fazla anket kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131ndan olu\u015fan geni\u015f bir havuza sahiptir. Anketinize kat\u0131 kotalar m\u0131 uygulaman\u0131z gerekiyor? Yoksa belirli bir ni\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rma kitlesi mi ar\u0131yorsunuz? Bu zor kotalar\u0131 tamamlaman\u0131za ve ni\u015f panelistlere ula\u015fman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabiliriz, b\u00f6ylece bir sonraki ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z i\u00e7in do\u011fru ve uygulanabilir sonu\u00e7lar elde edersiniz. \u0130\u015fletmeniz i\u00e7in yarat\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler i\u00e7in QuestionPro Audience&#8217;\u0131 bug\u00fcn deneyin.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kota \u00f6rneklemesi nedir? Kota \u00f6rneklemesi \u015fu \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlan\u0131r olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00f6rnekleme Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bir pop\u00fclasyonu temsil eden bireyleri i\u00e7eren bir \u00f6rneklem [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":982591,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1121],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kota \u00f6rneklemesi: Tan\u0131m, t\u00fcrler ve \u00fccretsiz \u00f6rnekler | QuestionPro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kota \u00f6rneklemesi pop\u00fclasyonu do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde temsil eder. 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