{"id":730023,"date":"2019-08-27T03:29:34","date_gmt":"2019-08-27T10:29:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/cok-asamali-ornekleme-tanim-adimlar-uygulamalar-ve-orneklerle-avantajlar\/"},"modified":"2019-08-27T03:29:34","modified_gmt":"2019-08-27T03:29:34","slug":"cok-asamali-ornekleme-tanim-adimlar-uygulamalar-ve-orneklerle-avantajlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/cok-asamali-ornekleme-tanim-adimlar-uygulamalar-ve-orneklerle-avantajlar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ok A\u015famal\u0131 \u00d6rnekleme – Tan\u0131m, ad\u0131mlar, uygulamalar ve \u00f6rneklerle avantajlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme nedir?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Tan\u0131m:<\/strong> \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme, ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak i\u00e7in pop\u00fclasyonu gruplara (veya k\u00fcmelere) ay\u0131ran bir \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. K\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesinin karma\u015f\u0131k bir \u015feklidir, bazen \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 k\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesi olarak da bilinir. Bu \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, se\u00e7ilen ki\u015filerin \u00f6nemli k\u00fcmeleri, birincil veri toplamay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015famalarda alt gruplara ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme yapmak i\u00e7in ad\u0131mlar nelerdir?<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme yapmak i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 ad\u0131m vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Birinci ad\u0131m:<\/b> \u0130lgili pop\u00fclasyonu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak bir \u00f6rnekleme \u00e7er\u00e7evesi se\u00e7in. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 her gruba bir numara tahsis eder ve ilgili ayr\u0131 gruplardan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00f6rneklem se\u00e7er.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u0130kinci ad\u0131m:<\/b> \u0130lgili ayr\u0131 alt gruplardan olu\u015fan bir \u00f6rnekleme \u00e7er\u00e7evesi se\u00e7in. Bunu, bir \u00f6nceki a\u015famada se\u00e7ilen ilgili, farkl\u0131 ayr\u0131 gruplardan yap\u0131n.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ad\u0131m:<\/b> Gerekirse ikinci ad\u0131m\u0131 tekrarlay\u0131n.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ad\u0131m:<\/b> Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rneklemenin baz\u0131 varyasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak, alt gruplardan \u00f6rneklem grubunun \u00fcyelerini se\u00e7in.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rneklemenin uygulamalar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/b><\/h3>\n

    \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme esas olarak bu alanlara uygulanmaktad\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. N\u00fcfusun \u00e7ok geni\u015f oldu\u011fu ve her bireyin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n imkans\u0131z oldu\u011fu \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 bir tasar\u0131ma uygulan\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. \u00c7e\u015fitli kolejlere mensup, farkl\u0131 kurslarda okuyan ve \u00fclke genelinde bulunan \u00f6\u011frencilerden \u00f6\u011frenci alg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 toplamak.<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. \u00c7ok uluslu bir \u015firketin birden fazla \u00fclkedeki birden fazla lokasyona ait \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na anket uygulamak.<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. Devlet daireleri bu y\u00f6ntemi n\u00fcfustan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m yapmak i\u00e7in her zaman kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u00c7ok fazl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme, bir alan\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in harcanan s\u00fcreyi azalt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n maliyetini de kontrol alt\u0131nda tutar. \u00d6rneklerden toplanan bilgiler, pop\u00fclasyonun b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rneklemenin avantajlar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/b><\/h3>\n

      \u0130\u015fte \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rneklemeden elde edilen en \u00f6nemli 8 fayda:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n gruplar\u0131 belirledikten sonra k\u00fcme veya rastgele \u00f6rnekleme uygulamas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, istenen b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe veya grup t\u00fcr\u00fcne ula\u015fana kadar k\u00fcmeler ve alt k\u00fcmeler olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme uygulayabilir.<\/span><\/li>\n
      3. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar n\u00fcfusu k\u0131s\u0131tlama olmaks\u0131z\u0131n gruplara ay\u0131rabilir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara \u00f6rneklemi dikkatli bir \u015fekilde se\u00e7meleri i\u00e7in esneklik sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/li>\n
      4. Co\u011frafi olarak da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k bir n\u00fcfustan birincil veri toplarken kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
      5. Bu y\u00f6ntem n\u00fcfusu daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gruplara ay\u0131rmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in uygun maliyetli ve zaman kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
      6. Do\u011fru anket \u00f6rneklemini bulmak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok kolay hale gelmektedir.<\/span><\/li>\n
      7. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 izleyiciyi dikkatli bir \u015fekilde se\u00e7er. Rastgele \u00f6rnekleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunlar\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
      8. Hedef pop\u00fclasyonun t\u00fcm \u00fcyelerinin tam bir listesine ihtiya\u00e7 duymaz, bu da \u00f6rnek haz\u0131rlama maliyetini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme t\u00fcrleri nelerdir?<\/b><\/h3>\n

        \u0130ki t\u00fcr \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme vard\u0131r – \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 k\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesi ve \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 rastgele \u00f6rnekleme. Pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme, \u00f6rneklerin a\u015famal\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilmesi ve her ad\u0131mda daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6rnekleme birimlerinin se\u00e7ilmesidir. \u015eimdi bu iki yakla\u015f\u0131ma ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 k\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesi:<\/b><\/h4>\n

        \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 k\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesi, karma\u015f\u0131k bir k\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesi t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, daha iyi veri toplama, y\u00f6netme ve yorumlama i\u00e7in evreni \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015famalarda gruplara ay\u0131r\u0131r. Bu gruplara k\u00fcme ad\u0131 verilir. <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Bat\u0131 Avrupa’daki farkl\u0131 beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyor. Her haneden veri toplamak pratikte m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle ilgilenilen \u00fclkeleri se\u00e7ecektir. Bu \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndan anket yap\u0131lacak b\u00f6lge veya eyaletleri se\u00e7er. Ve bu b\u00f6lgelerden, b\u00f6lgeyi temsil eden belirli \u015fehir ve kasabalar\u0131 se\u00e7erek ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 daha da daralt\u0131yor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u015fehir veya kasaban\u0131n t\u00fcm sakinleriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmez. Ayr\u0131ca, se\u00e7ilen \u015fehirlerden ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya kat\u0131lacak belirli kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 se\u00e7er. Burada, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gerekli \u00f6rneklemi daraltana kadar k\u00fcmelerin \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015famalarda se\u00e7ildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 rastgele \u00f6rnekleme:<\/b><\/h4>\n

        \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 rastgele \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fi kavram\u0131, \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 k\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesine benzer. Ancak bu durumda, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 her a\u015famada \u00f6rnekleri rastgele se\u00e7er. Burada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 k\u00fcmeler olu\u015fturmaz, ancak rastgele \u00f6rnekleme uygulayarak \u00f6rneklemi daralt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ABD’de ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n evcil hayvan besleme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak istiyor. Bunun i\u00e7in 200 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131dan olu\u015fan bir \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 50 eyalet aras\u0131ndan rastgele 10 eyalet se\u00e7er. Ayr\u0131ca, her eyalet i\u00e7in rastgele 5 b\u00f6lge se\u00e7er. Daha sonra rastgele se\u00e7ilen bu 50 eyaletten, ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere evcil hayvan sahibi 4 hane se\u00e7er.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme \u00f6rne\u011fi:<\/b><\/h3>\n

        \u0130\u015fte \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 bir tasar\u0131m \u00f6rne\u011fi. Kurulumu kolayd\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00d6rnek konumu ABD olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n amac\u0131, ABD’deki insanlar\u0131n \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i harcama e\u011filimlerini \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i bir anket arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla de\u011ferlendirmektir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar 200 haneden olu\u015fan \u00f6rneklem gruplar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde olu\u015fturabilirler:<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0130lk olarak, basit rastgele \u00f6rnekleme (veya ba\u015fka bir olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme) kullanarak durum say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7in. \u00d6rne\u011fin, on eyalet se\u00e7in.<\/span><\/li>\n
        2. \u0130kinci olarak, sistematik \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemini (veya ba\u015fka bir olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemini) kullanarak her eyaletten be\u015f b\u00f6lge se\u00e7in.<\/span><\/li>\n
        3. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak, sistematik \u00f6rnekleme veya basit rastgele \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemini kullanarak her b\u00f6lgeden d\u00f6rt hane se\u00e7in. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in \u00f6rneklem grubuna dahil edebilece\u011finiz 200 ev elde edeceksiniz.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Etkili \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme i\u00e7in ipu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/b><\/h3>\n

          \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken ak\u0131lda tutulmas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0130htiyatl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn – \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 uygulaman\u0131n bir yolu hakk\u0131nda beyin f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131 yapmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
          2. \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rneklemenin kesin bir tan\u0131m\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemlerini (k\u00fcme, tabakal\u0131 ve basit rastgele gibi) kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir rotada geleneksel bir y\u00f6ntem olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/span><\/li>\n
          3. S\u00fcre\u00e7 tasar\u0131m\u0131 hem maliyet etkin hem de zaman etkin olacak \u015fekilde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/li>\n
          4. Rastgeleli\u011fini ve \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak bir zorunluluktur.<\/span><\/li>\n
          5. Bu y\u00f6ntemi ilk kez uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda deneyimli ve yetenekli bir uzmana dan\u0131\u015f\u0131n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

            QuestionPro Audience ile \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme art\u0131k \u00e7ok kolay<\/b><\/h3>\n

            QuestionPro ile <\/span>
            \n \u0130zleyici<\/span>
            \n<\/a>\u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z konusunda rehberlik al\u0131n ve 22 milyondan fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6rne\u011finden olu\u015fan havuzumuza do\u011frudan eri\u015fin. Bu bireyler, farkl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden taranm\u0131\u015f ve mobil olarak haz\u0131r durumdad\u0131r. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar, aile gelirinden evcil hayvan sahipli\u011fine ve g\u0131da al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131na kadar 300’den fazla profil veri noktas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi payla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme nedir? Tan\u0131m: \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme, ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak i\u00e7in pop\u00fclasyonu gruplara (veya k\u00fcmelere) ay\u0131ran bir \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi olarak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":663436,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin. 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