{"id":730050,"date":"2021-10-27T22:24:10","date_gmt":"2021-10-28T05:24:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/ornekleme-onyargisi-nedir-ornekler-ve-nasil-onlenir\/"},"modified":"2021-10-27T22:24:10","modified_gmt":"2021-10-27T22:24:10","slug":"ornekleme-onyargisi-nedir-ornekler-ve-nasil-onlenir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/ornekleme-onyargisi-nedir-ornekler-ve-nasil-onlenir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6rnekleme \u00d6nyarg\u0131s\u0131: Nedir, \u00d6rnekler ve Nas\u0131l \u00d6nlenir"},"content":{"rendered":"
Araba kullanma deneyimi \u00fczerine bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn, ancak t\u00fcm kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar sadece motosiklet kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131; ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak sonu\u00e7lar hedefledi\u011fimiz ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in i\u015fe yaramaz olacakt\u0131r. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n yetersiz se\u00e7ildi\u011fi bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcrken ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu hata t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> olarak bilinir ve kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n her zaman rastgele ve farkl\u0131 ba\u011flamlardan se\u00e7ilmesiyle \u00f6nlenebilir.<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7indekiler | \u00d6rnekleme Yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n \u00d6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ara\u015ft\u0131rmada yanl\u0131 bir \u00f6rneklem, hedeflenen pop\u00fclasyonun \u00fcyeleri yanl\u0131\u015f se\u00e7ildi\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar – ya daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ya da daha y\u00fcksek se\u00e7ilme \u015fans\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00d6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en pop\u00fcler ve kolay anla\u015f\u0131labilir \u00f6rne\u011fi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imleri se\u00e7menleridir. E\u011fer 1000 orta s\u0131n\u0131f, mavi yakal\u0131 se\u00e7menle anket yaparsan\u0131z, \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yanl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc resmin tamam\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tacak kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli olmayacakt\u0131r. Do\u011fru bir sonuca varmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan bir\u00e7ok demografik bilgiyi d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00d6rneklemede ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n dikkat etmesi gereken bir\u00e7ok yanl\u0131l\u0131k nedeni vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte en yayg\u0131n olanlar\u0131: <\/span><\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6rneklemi do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde temsil edememesi nedeniyle eksik kapsam \u00f6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck nedenlerinden biridir. Bu eksik kapsam\u0131n temel nedeni, n\u00fcfusun yeterince temsil edilmemesi veya kolayda \u00f6rnekleme<\/a> y\u00f6ntemiyle yaln\u0131zca kolay ula\u015f\u0131labilen kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lardan yan\u0131t al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ulusal anketlerin internet \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmas\u0131, ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 ve internete eri\u015fimi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan veya hi\u00e7 olmayan ki\u015fileri ka\u00e7\u0131rma e\u011filiminde oldu\u011fundan, bu eksik kapsama risk kategorisine girmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00fcfusun adil bir \u015fekilde temsil edilmesi, anketten<\/a> do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lar alman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ancak bu, farkl\u0131 demografileri ka\u00e7\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olmak i\u00e7in ekstra \u00e7aba sarf etmeniz gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. <\/span><\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bir \u015fehirde yeni bir trafik yasas\u0131n\u0131n etkisini anlamak isterler ve bu nedenle bir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezinde kolayda \u00f6rnekleme yoluyla bir anket yaparlar. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gruplar taraf\u0131ndan yeterince kapsanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemeldir:<\/span><\/p>\n G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc yan\u0131t yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, belirli \u00f6zelliklere sahip kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n di\u011ferlerine k\u0131yasla ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya<\/a> daha istekli bir \u015fekilde kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6z se\u00e7im yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak da bilinir. Bu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131l\u0131m \u00fczerinde kontrol sahibi olduklar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Burada kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar tarafs\u0131z de\u011fildir ve \u00e7o\u011fu kendilerini \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirdikleri i\u00e7in bir konuya y\u00f6nelme e\u011filimindedir.<\/span><\/p>\n Kendi kendini se\u00e7me, ara\u015ft\u0131rmada istenmeyen sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7makta ve ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n rasyonelli\u011fini etkilemektedir. G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc yan\u0131t \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131, insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri \u00f6nemli olsa bile konudan uzak durma arzusu nedeniyle de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 sadece konu hakk\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc fikirlere sahip ki\u015fileri temsil etmekte ve geri kalanlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rakarak \u00f6rneklemi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 temsil etmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n Aramal\u0131 TV veya radyo programlar\u0131, sadece konuyla ilgilenen kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n aray\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u00f6nyarg\u0131n\u0131n en iyi \u00f6rnekleridir.<\/span><\/p>\n Hayatta kalma yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca se\u00e7im kriterlerini ge\u00e7en \u00f6rnekleme odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ge\u00e7emeyenleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etti\u011fi yayg\u0131n bir \u00f6rneklem<\/a> yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Hayatta kalma yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgili sorun, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n olduk\u00e7a iyimser \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131ya resmin tamam\u0131n\u0131 vermemesidir. Kriterleri sa\u011flayamayan de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilerek sonu\u00e7lar tek tarafl\u0131 hale getirilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck eksikli\u011fi mant\u0131ksal bir hataya yol a\u00e7ar ve nihai sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Belirli bir sekt\u00f6rdeki i\u015f performanslar\u0131n\u0131 incelemek, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015f ve art\u0131k var olmayan kurulu\u015flar\u0131 dikkate almayabilir. <\/span> Sonu\u00e7lar, hayatta kalma yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle olumlu g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir ancak t\u00fcm sekt\u00f6r\u00fc do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde temsil etmez.<\/span><\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara kat\u0131lmay\u0131 reddeden ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmadan ayr\u0131lan kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar, yan\u0131t vermeme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Cevaps\u0131zl\u0131k, hedef n\u00fcfusun<\/a> bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ankete kat\u0131lmamay\u0131 tercih etmesi nedeniyle ankete kat\u0131lamamas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Kat\u0131l\u0131m yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa neden olan birden fazla nedenden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmadaki sorular\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu veya yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle ara\u015ft\u0131rmadan ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 tercih etmektedir. <\/span><\/p>\n Bir \u00f6rneklemden hassas bilgilerin talep edilmesi, cevaps\u0131zl\u0131k yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ana nedenlerinden biridir. Bir\u00e7ok kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 aile, gelir, cinsel tercihler, uyu\u015fturucu kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve benzeri ki\u015fisel detaylarla ilgili sorular\u0131 yan\u0131tlarken kendini rahat hissetmeyebilir ve bu da yan\u0131tlarda \u00f6nyarg\u0131ya yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/span><\/p>\n Hat\u0131rlama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar baz\u0131 \u015feyleri do\u011fru hat\u0131rlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Hat\u0131rlama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in fazla bir \u015fey yapamazs\u0131n\u0131z, ancak bunu veri toplamada<\/a> yayg\u0131n bir hata olarak de\u011ferlendirebilirsiniz. \u0130nsan haf\u0131zas\u0131 kusurlu oldu\u011fundan ve varsay\u0131lan olarak se\u00e7ici bir haf\u0131zaya sahip olduklar\u0131ndan, anketlerde hat\u0131rlama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u00d6nemli olan bir \u015feyleri hat\u0131rlamakta ne kadar iyi ya da k\u00f6t\u00fc olundu\u011fu de\u011fildir. Hat\u0131rlama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in en iyi zaman, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131larla olayla ilgili haf\u0131zalar\u0131 tazeyken g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmektir.<\/span><\/p>\n G\u00f6zlemci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n kendilerinin ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n beklentilerini bilin\u00e7li ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bilin\u00e7siz olarak etkilemelerinden kaynaklan\u0131r. Bu durum, yaln\u0131zca belirli bir istatistik grubuna bakarak veya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 etkileyerek kiraz toplama nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u0130yi bir anket tasar\u0131m\u0131 bu \u00f6nyarg\u0131y\u0131 azaltabilir ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tamamen kontrol edilebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00d6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan tamamen ka\u00e7\u0131nmak \u00e7ok zor olsa da, bunu bir dereceye kadar kontrol etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130\u015fte \u00f6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n Tabakal\u0131 rastgele \u00f6rnekleme<\/a> yapmak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131zdaki \u00f6nyarg\u0131 d\u00fczeylerini azaltman\u0131n harika bir yoludur. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara n\u00fcfusu do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde inceleme ve do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde temsil eden bir \u00f6rneklem olu\u015fturma \u015fans\u0131 verir.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin, pop\u00fclasyonunuzda %50 erkek ve %50 kad\u0131n olmak \u00fczere 5.000 birey varsa ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek i\u00e7in 100 ki\u015fi gerekiyorsa, pop\u00fclasyon da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde temsil etmek i\u00e7in 50 erkek ve 50 kad\u0131n se\u00e7ilmelidir. Tabakal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme, \u00f6rnekleme karmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k yaratarak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00f6nyarg\u0131dan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/span><\/p>\n Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n \u00d6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nman\u0131n iyi bir yolu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z i\u00e7in se\u00e7ebilece\u011finiz geni\u015f bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 havuzuna sahip olmakt\u0131r. Aralar\u0131ndan se\u00e7im yap\u0131labilecek daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kitle, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara pop\u00fclasyona g\u00f6re do\u011fru \u00f6rnekleme \u015fans\u0131 verir. QuestionPro Audience<\/a>, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in se\u00e7ilebilecek d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda milyonlarca \u00e7ift se\u00e7enekli \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i anket kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131na<\/a> ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fru bilgileri yakalamak ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek i\u00e7in \u00f6rnekleme orta\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131<\/a> ak\u0131ll\u0131ca se\u00e7in<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Araba kullanma deneyimi \u00fczerine bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn, ancak t\u00fcm kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar sadece motosiklet kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131; ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak sonu\u00e7lar hedefledi\u011fimiz ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":701257,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1121],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\n
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\u00d6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedir?<\/b><\/h2>\n
\u00d6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri ve t\u00fcrleri<\/b><\/h2>\n
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Eksik kapsam ve \u00f6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131: <\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00d6rtbas \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131na \u00f6rnek: <\/b><\/h4>\n
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G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc yan\u0131t \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131:<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Kendi kendini se\u00e7me \/ g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u00f6nyarg\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi: <\/b><\/h4>\n
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Hayatta kalma \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131:<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Hayatta kalma yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00f6rnek:<\/b><\/h4>\n
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Yan\u0131t vermeme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Yan\u0131t vermeme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00f6rnek: <\/b><\/h4>\n
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Hat\u0131rlama \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131:<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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G\u00f6zlemci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131:<\/b> <\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00d6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan nas\u0131l ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131l\u0131r?<\/b><\/h2>\n
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Tabakal\u0131 rastgele \u00f6rneklemenin \u00f6nemi<\/b><\/h3>\n
QuestionPro Audience – \u00f6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 orta\u011f\u0131n\u0131z<\/b><\/h4>\n