{"id":730057,"date":"2018-04-10T03:35:31","date_gmt":"2018-04-10T10:35:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/hata-payi-nedir-tanim-orneklerle-hesaplama\/"},"modified":"2018-04-10T03:35:31","modified_gmt":"2018-04-10T03:35:31","slug":"hata-payi-nedir-tanim-orneklerle-hesaplama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/hata-payi-nedir-tanim-orneklerle-hesaplama\/","title":{"rendered":"Hata Pay\u0131 Nedir &#8211; Tan\u0131m, \u00d6rneklerle Hesaplama"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Hata Pay\u0131<\/h2>\n<p><strong> Tan\u0131m:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130statistikte hata pay\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden elde edilen sonu\u00e7lardaki hata derecesidir <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/simple-random-sampling\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rastgele \u00f6rnekleme<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Anketler. \u0130statistiklerde daha y\u00fcksek bir hata pay\u0131, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00fcvenme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha az oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.  <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/surveys\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anket<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> veya <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/online-polls.html\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anket<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yani sonu\u00e7lara duyulan g\u00fcven, bir pop\u00fclasyonu temsil etmek i\u00e7in daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olacakt\u0131r. Bu \u00e7ok hayati bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r  <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/market-research.html\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n anketlerden elde edilen verilere duymalar\u0131 gereken g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G\u00fcven aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, belirli bir istatisti\u011fe ili\u015fkin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemezlik seviyesidir. Genellikle, bir istatistik\u00e7inin \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i bir anketin veya \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i anketin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm n\u00fcfusu temsil etmeye de\u011fer olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verirken sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00fcveni ortaya koymak i\u00e7in hata pay\u0131 ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><i>Daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck hata pay\u0131, \u00fcretilen sonu\u00e7lara daha y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde g\u00fcven duyuldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tam pop\u00fclasyonu tahmin etmek i\u00e7in temsili bir \u00f6rneklem se\u00e7ti\u011fimizde, bu \u00f6rneklemde bir miktar belirsizlik olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rnek istatistikten ger\u00e7ek istatisti\u011fi \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131z gerekir. Bu da tahminimizin ger\u00e7ek rakama yak\u0131n olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Hata pay\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 bu tahmini daha da iyile\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Hata Pay\u0131 Hesaplamas\u0131:<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130yi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir pop\u00fclasyon, hata pay\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00f6n ko\u015fuldur. \u0130statistikte &#8220;pop\u00fclasyon&#8221;, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ve veri toplamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirli bir grubun t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fur. Bu hata, pop\u00fclasyonun tan\u0131mlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u00f6rneklem se\u00e7im s\u00fcrecinin d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmedi\u011fi durumlarda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde y\u00fcksek olabilir.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ne zaman istatistiksel bir anket yapsa, hata pay\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131 gerekir. Bir \u00f6rneklem i\u00e7in hata pay\u0131n\u0131n evrensel form\u00fcl\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yledir<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-56045\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Margin-of-Error-formula.jpg\" alt=\"Hata pay\u0131 form\u00fcl\u00fc\" width=\"200\" height=\"105\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nerede?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-56046 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/p.png\" alt=\"p \u015fapka - hata pay\u0131\" width=\"11\" height=\"22\">= \u00f6rneklem oran\u0131 (&#8220;P-hat&#8221;).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">n = \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">z = z-skoru istedi\u011finiz g\u00fcven d\u00fczeylerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Kafan\u0131z biraz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k m\u0131? Endi\u015felenmeyin! <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/margin-of-error-calculator\/\">Hata pay\u0131 hesaplay\u0131c\u0131m\u0131z\u0131<\/a> kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3><b>Hata pay\u0131 hesaplamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6rnek  <\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u015farap tad\u0131m seanslar\u0131, seans s\u0131ras\u0131nda sunulan \u015faraplar\u0131n kalitesine ve tad\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u015faraplar t\u00fcm \u00fcretimi temsil eder ve ziyaret\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan ne kadar iyi kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, onlardan gelen geri bildirimler t\u00fcm \u00fcretime genelle\u015ftirilir.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u015earap tad\u0131m\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ziyaret\u00e7ilerin bir kal\u0131b\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yani rastgele se\u00e7ildiklerinde etkili olacakt\u0131r. \u015earap lezzetli olmak i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ge\u00e7er ve benzer \u015fekilde ziyaret\u00e7iler de etkili sonu\u00e7lar sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ge\u00e7melidir.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm bile\u015fenleri, \u015farap \u015fi\u015felerinin t\u00fcm \u015faraphanenin \u00fcretimini temsil etmeye lay\u0131k olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlar. Bir istatistik\u00e7i, y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen anketin %93 g\u00fcven aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda art\u0131 veya eksi %5 hata pay\u0131na sahip olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtirse. Bu, e\u011fer bir  <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anket<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 100 kez ba\u011f ziyaret\u00e7ileri ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015fse, al\u0131nan geri bildirimler 100 kezden 93&#8217;\u00fcnde hesaplanan y\u00fczdeden daha y\u00fcksek veya daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir y\u00fczde dilimi i\u00e7inde olacakt\u0131r. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu durumda, 60 ziyaret\u00e7i \u015faraplar\u0131n son derece iyi oldu\u011funu bildirirse. Bir g\u00fcven aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hata pay\u0131 art\u0131 veya eksi %5 oldu\u011fundan, 100 ziyaret\u00e7ide, \u015faraplar\u0131n &#8220;son derece iyi&#8221; oldu\u011fu yorumunu yapan ziyaret\u00e7ilerin 55 veya 65 (%93) olaca\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varmak g\u00fcvenlidir.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bunu daha iyi a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fckle ilgili bir anketin 1000 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131ya g\u00f6nderildi\u011fini ve bunlardan 500&#8217;\u00fcn\u00fcn ankette yer alan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn hayat\u0131 daha iyi hale getirdi\u011fi ifadesini kabul etti\u011fini \u00f6rnek olarak ele alal\u0131m. 95&#8217;lik g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyi i\u00e7in hata pay\u0131n\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ad\u0131m 1:<\/strong> Anketteki ifadeye kat\u0131lan kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 toplam kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131na b\u00f6lerek P-hat&#8217;i hesaplay\u0131n. Bu durumda,  <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">= 500\/1000 = 50%<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ad\u0131m 2:<\/strong> %95 g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen z-skorunu bulun. Bu durumda, z puan\u0131 1,96&#8217;d\u0131r<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ad\u0131m 3:<\/strong> Bu de\u011ferleri form\u00fcle koyarak hesaplay\u0131n  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ad\u0131m 4:<\/strong> Y\u00fczdeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-56042\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Margin-or-error-and-z-value.jpg\" alt=\"g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc\" width=\"746\" height=\"314\"><\/p>\n<h3><b>\u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerinde hata pay\u0131:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130\u00e7inde<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/probability-sampling\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pop\u00fclasyonun her bir \u00fcyesinin \u00f6rneklemin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmak \u00fczere se\u00e7ilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemde, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ve istatistik\u00e7iler kendi ara\u015ft\u0131rma alanlar\u0131ndan \u00fcyeler se\u00e7ebilir, b\u00f6ylece bu \u00f6rneklerden elde edilen verilerdeki hata pay\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca minimum olur.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00f6rneklemede, \u00f6rneklemler maliyet etkinli\u011fi temelinde olu\u015fturulur veya <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/convenience-sampling\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kolayl\u0131k<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Ba\u015fvuru esas\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fil ve bu se\u00e7im s\u00fcreci nedeniyle n\u00fcfusun baz\u0131 kesimleri d\u0131\u015flanabilmektedir. Anketler, sadece \u00fcyelerin ilgi alanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re filtrelenmesi ve yap\u0131lan ankete ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkili olacakt\u0131r.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G\u00fcven d\u00fczeyi i\u00e7in end\u00fcstriyel standart %95&#8217;tir ve bunlar belirli anket \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri i\u00e7in hata pay\u0131 y\u00fczdeleridir:  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-56041\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Margin-of-error-and-sample-size.jpg\" alt=\"Hata pay\u0131 ve \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\" width=\"686\" height=\"674\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu tabloda da belirtildi\u011fi gibi, hata pay\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131ya, \u00f6rne\u011fin 4&#8217;ten 2&#8217;ye indirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131larak 500&#8217;den 2000&#8217;e \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sizin de g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015f olman\u0131z gerekti\u011fi gibi, \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hata pay\u0131 ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1500&#8217;e ula\u015fana kadar hata pay\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir azalma g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte, ancak bunun \u00f6tesinde bu azalma azalmaktad\u0131r.  <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hata Pay\u0131 Tan\u0131m: \u0130statistikte hata pay\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden elde edilen sonu\u00e7lardaki hata derecesidir rastgele \u00f6rnekleme Anketler. \u0130statistiklerde daha y\u00fcksek bir hata [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":997804,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1114],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hata Pay\u0131 Nedir - Tan\u0131m, \u00d6rneklerle Hesaplama | QuestionPro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hata Pay\u0131 Nedir - Tan\u0131m\u0131, \u00d6rneklerle Hesaplanmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinin. \u0130statistikte \u00f6rnekleme hatas\u0131 olarak da bilinen hata pay\u0131, anketlerden elde edilen sonu\u00e7lardaki \u00f6rnekleme hatalar\u0131n\u0131n derecesidir. \u0130statistiklerde daha y\u00fcksek bir hata pay\u0131, bir anket veya kamuoyu yoklamas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00fcvenme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir, yani sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n bir pop\u00fclasyonu temsil etme konusundaki g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyi daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olacakt\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n anketlerden elde edilen verilere duymalar\u0131 gereken g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden, pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda kritik bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm \u00f6zelli\u011fidir.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/hata-payi-nedir-tanim-orneklerle-hesaplama\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hata Pay\u0131 Nedir - Tan\u0131m, \u00d6rneklerle Hesaplama | QuestionPro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hata Pay\u0131 Nedir - Tan\u0131m\u0131, \u00d6rneklerle Hesaplanmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinin. \u0130statistikte \u00f6rnekleme hatas\u0131 olarak da bilinen hata pay\u0131, anketlerden elde edilen sonu\u00e7lardaki \u00f6rnekleme hatalar\u0131n\u0131n derecesidir. \u0130statistiklerde daha y\u00fcksek bir hata pay\u0131, bir anket veya kamuoyu yoklamas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00fcvenme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir, yani sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n bir pop\u00fclasyonu temsil etme konusundaki g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyi daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olacakt\u0131r. 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