{"id":730217,"date":"2022-06-18T11:00:08","date_gmt":"2022-06-18T18:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/arastirma-onyargisi-nedir-turleri-ve-ornekleri\/"},"modified":"2022-06-18T11:00:08","modified_gmt":"2022-06-18T11:00:08","slug":"arastirma-onyargisi-nedir-turleri-ve-ornekleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/arastirma-onyargisi-nedir-turleri-ve-ornekleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131: Nedir, T\u00fcrleri ve \u00d6rnekleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, sistematik bir sorgulama y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken bazen istemeden bazen de aktif olarak s\u00fcreci etkiler. Bu, ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 olarak bilinir ve t\u0131pk\u0131 di\u011fer \u00f6nyarg\u0131 t\u00fcrleri gibi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 etkileyebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6nyarg\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, kat\u0131 ve h\u0131zl\u0131 kurallar yoktur, bu da basit\u00e7e herhangi bir zamanda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Deneysel hatalar ve ilgili t\u00fcm fakt\u00f6rlerin dikkate al\u0131nmamas\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda \u00f6nyarg\u0131ya yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fe sahip \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n en yayg\u0131n nedenlerinden biri ara\u015ft\u0131rma yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Gayri resmi do\u011fas\u0131 nedeniyle ara\u015ft\u0131rmadaki \u00f6nyarg\u0131y\u0131 tan\u0131mlarken dikkatli olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Olu\u015fumunu azaltmak veya \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u00f6zelliklerini tan\u0131yabilmeniz gerekir. Bu makalede bunun ne oldu\u011funu, t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve nas\u0131l \u00f6nlenece\u011fini ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 nedir?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rma yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, deneyi y\u00fcr\u00fcten ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n belirli bir sonucu ortaya koymak i\u00e7in bulgular\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir tekniktir. Genellikle deneyci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 olarak bilinir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6nyarg\u0131, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/what-is-research\/\">ara\u015ft\u0131rma<\/a> tekni\u011finin veri analizinden ziyade deneyim ve yarg\u0131ya dayanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. \u00d6nyarg\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilinmesi gereken en \u00f6nemli \u015fey, bunun bir\u00e7ok alanda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011fudur. \u00d6nyarg\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin etkilerini anlamak ve azaltmak, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rma planlama s\u00fcrecinin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, sosyal ara\u015ft\u0131rma konular\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken belirli bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n cazibesine kap\u0131lmak \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r ve bu da adilli\u011fi tehlikeye atar.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rneklerle ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fcrleri<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6nyarg\u0131, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/quantitative-research\/\">nicel ara\u015ft\u0131rma<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/qualitative-research-methods\/\">nitel ara\u015ft\u0131r<\/a>man\u0131n hemen her alan\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve hem anketi geli\u015ftirenden hem de kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lardan kaynaklanabilir. Do\u011frudan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/surveys\/\">anketi<\/a> yapandan kaynaklanan \u00f6nyarg\u0131 t\u00fcrleri, ara\u015ft\u0131rmadaki t\u00fcm farkl\u0131 \u00f6nyarg\u0131 t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 en kolay olanlard\u0131r. \u015eimdi en tipik ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131na bakal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tasar\u0131m \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tasar\u0131m yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu deney t\u00fcr\u00fcnde mevcut olan yanl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri yakalayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bunun ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131n organizasyonu ve y\u00f6ntemleriyle bir ilgisi var. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 bunun fark\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ve etkisini azaltmak i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7abay\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini kan\u0131tlamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rma tamamland\u0131ktan ve sonu\u00e7lar analiz edildikten sonra, ba\u015fka bir t\u00fcr tasar\u0131m yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015fir. Bu durum, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n orijinal kayg\u0131lar\u0131 pozlamaya yans\u0131t\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r ki bug\u00fcnlerde bu durum \u00e7ok s\u0131k ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rnek olarak, sa\u011fl\u0131k yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla ilgili sorular i\u00e7eren bir anket \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, \u00f6rneklem grubunun s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 konusundaki fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rabilir. Test edilen grubun tamam\u0131n\u0131n erkek olmas\u0131 ya da belirli bir ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se\u00e7im veya \u00f6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda, se\u00e7im yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendini \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde g\u00f6sterir. \u00d6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya tercih katt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu durum <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/sampling-bias\/\">\u00f6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a> olarak bilinir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma pop\u00fclasyonunuzu temsil etmek \u00fczere g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler se\u00e7ildi\u011finde ancak farkl\u0131 deneyimleri olanlar g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edildi\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde beyaz erkek g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclere dayanan bir hastal\u0131k ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, t\u00fcm topluma genellenemez. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer \u0131rklardan veya topluluklardan insanlar\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fi yerlerde.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prosed\u00fcrel \u00f6nyarg\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prosed\u00fcrel yanl\u0131l\u0131k, anket kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131na anketleri tamamlamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in yetersiz zaman verildi\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir t\u00fcr ara\u015ft\u0131rma yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131tmayan yanl\u0131\u015f bilgiler i\u00e7eren yar\u0131m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler sunmak zorunda kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir ba\u015fka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc de, anketi h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tamamlama olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kat\u0131lmaya zorlanan bireyleri kullanmak ve onlara ba\u015fka \u015feyler yapmak i\u00e7in yeterli zaman b\u0131rakmakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131zdan mola s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir anket yapmas\u0131n\u0131 isterseniz, bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalabilir ve bu da sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini tehlikeye atabilir.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yay\u0131n veya raporlama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 etkileyen bir t\u00fcr \u00f6nyarg\u0131 da yay\u0131n \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Raporlama \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 olarak da bilinir. Olumlu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n olumsuz veya bo\u015f sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re daha fazla rapor edildi\u011fi bir durumu ifade eder. Belirli bir alandaki ara\u015ft\u0131rma makalelerine y\u00f6nelik yay\u0131n standartlar\u0131, s\u0131kl\u0131kla bu \u00f6nyarg\u0131y\u0131 kendilerine yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bazen verilerin teorilerini yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131klar\u0131nda elde ettikleri sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamamay\u0131 tercih etmektedirler.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rnek olarak, antidepresan ila\u00e7 Reboxetine \u00fczerine yedi ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan sadece biri yay\u0131mland\u0131, di\u011ferleri ise yay\u0131mlanmad\u0131.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm veya veri toplama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Veri toplama ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm tekni\u011findeki bir kusur \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olur. Veri toplama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak da bilinir. Hem nitel hem de nicel ara\u015ft\u0131rma metodolojilerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nicel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imlerinden biri ara\u00e7 yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Kusurlu bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek, nicel bir deneyde ara\u00e7 yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratacak ve deneysel s\u00fcreci ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Nicel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda veri toplama y\u00f6ntemleri, ara\u015ft\u0131rma pop\u00fclasyonunuz i\u00e7in uygun olmayan bir yakla\u015f\u0131m kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, internet eri\u015fimi olmayanlardan e-posta yoluyla veya web siteniz \u00fczerinden bir anket yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilirsiniz.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nitel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/data-collection-methods\/\">veri toplama<\/a> yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme s\u0131ras\u0131nda uygun olmayan anket sorular\u0131 soruldu\u011funda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. K\u00f6t\u00fc anket sorular\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen ki\u015fiyi varsay\u0131mlarda bulunmaya y\u00f6nlendiren sorulard\u0131r. Denekler, ele\u015ftirilmekten korktuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in sosyal a\u00e7\u0131dan yanl\u0131\u015f yan\u0131tlar vermekten genellikle \u00e7ok \u00e7ekinirler.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rnek olarak, bir konu bir r\u00f6portajda homofobik veya \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sonu\u00e7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardaki \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131 ve bunlarla nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Herhangi bir bi\u00e7imde onu tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in net bir fikre sahip olmak da gereklidir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardaki farkl\u0131 \u00f6nyarg\u0131 t\u00fcrlerini bilmek, bunlar\u0131 kolayca tespit etmenizi sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">QuestionPro, ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 ile ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek \u00e7ok say\u0131da ara\u00e7 ve ayar sunar. Orijinal \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131z nicel veya nitel ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131 yapmak istiyorsan\u0131z QuestionPro&#8217;yu bug\u00fcn deneyin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"square-cta secondary-lined-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/research-edition-survey-software\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>DAHA FAZLA BI\u0307LGI\u0307 EDI\u0307NI\u0307N<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, sistematik bir sorgulama y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken bazen istemeden bazen de aktif olarak s\u00fcreci etkiler. Bu, ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 olarak bilinir ve t\u0131pk\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":713287,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1118],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131: Nedir, T\u00fcrleri ve \u00d6rnekleri | QuestionPro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ara\u015ft\u0131rma yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, deneyi y\u00fcr\u00fcten ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n belirli bir sonucu ortaya koymak i\u00e7in bulgular\u0131 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