{"id":730380,"date":"2018-07-30T09:14:20","date_gmt":"2018-07-30T16:14:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/temsili-orneklem-tanim-onem-ve-orneklerle-temsili-bir-orneklemin-nasil-elde-edilecegi\/"},"modified":"2018-07-30T09:14:20","modified_gmt":"2018-07-30T09:14:20","slug":"temsili-orneklem-tanim-onem-ve-orneklerle-temsili-bir-orneklemin-nasil-elde-edilecegi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/temsili-orneklem-tanim-onem-ve-orneklerle-temsili-bir-orneklemin-nasil-elde-edilecegi\/","title":{"rendered":"Temsili \u00d6rneklem: Tan\u0131m, \u00f6nem ve \u00f6rneklerle temsili bir \u00f6rneklemin nas\u0131l elde edilece\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b>Temsili \u00f6rneklem nedir?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>Temsili \u00f6rneklem tan\u0131m\u0131:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Temsili bir \u00f6rneklem, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir miktar veya daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015feyin alt k\u00fcmesi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfusla ayn\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri ve oranlar\u0131 temsil eder.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ABD \u015fehrinde yeni bir \u00fcr\u00fcn piyasaya s\u00fcrmek \u00fczere olan bir markay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. \u015eehirdeki her ki\u015fiden \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f toplamak i\u00e7in bir anket g\u00f6ndermek pratikte imkans\u0131z olacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u015fehrin n\u00fcfusunu temsil edecek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00f6rneklem toplar ve \u00fcr\u00fcnle ilgili geri bildirimlerini y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in onlara bir anket uygulanabilir. Bu \u00f6rnekleme temsili \u00f6rneklem ad\u0131 verilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"square-cta secondary-lined-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/a\/showEntry.do?mode=audience&amp;sourceRef=blog-audience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temsili bir \u00f6rneklem, belirli bir kimyasal reaksiyonun sonucunu analiz etmek i\u00e7in bir laboratuvarda test edilebilen bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda insanlar veya hatta kimyasal maddeler olabilir. Ancak, bu blogda insanlara odaklanaca\u011f\u0131z ve temsili bir n\u00fcfus \u00f6rnekleminin pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemini ve di\u011fer yararl\u0131 y\u00f6nlerini anlayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada neden temsili bir \u00f6rneklem kullanmak zorundas\u0131n\u0131z?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temsili bir \u00f6rneklem, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n toplanan bilgileri daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pop\u00fclasyona soyutlamas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve psikolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, herkes hakk\u0131nda veri toplamak i\u00e7in zaman, para ve kaynak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uygun de\u011fildir. \u00d6zellikle b\u00fct\u00fcn bir \u00fclke gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfus i\u00e7in her bir ki\u015fiden veri toplamak pratikte imkans\u0131zd\u0131r.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130yi haber \u015fu ki, &#8220;bunu yapman\u0131za gerek yok!&#8221;. Burada daha \u00f6nemli olan, iyi bir temsili \u00f6rneklem elde etmektir; b\u00f6ylece zaman\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ve enerjinizin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfusu temsil edecek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir grup insandan yan\u0131t almaya harcanacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, defalarca, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek, veri toplamak ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir grup insan\u0131 istihdam etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6nemli ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in temsili bir \u00f6rneklemin \u00f6nemini anlayal\u0131m.  <\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Pratik ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in temsili \u00f6rneklemin \u00f6nemi<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temsili bir \u00f6rneklem, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek i\u00e7in sizin lehinize \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. Bir \u00fclkedeki, hatta bir \u015fehirdeki t\u00fcm insanlarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 hayal edebiliyor musunuz? Bu \u00e7ok pratik olmayan bir plan gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnecek, \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131k olacak ve uzun zaman alacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temsili bir \u00f6rneklem, daha geni\u015f bir grubu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131tan az say\u0131da ki\u015fidir. Daha sonra, \u00f6rne\u011fin, bir  <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">online anket<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Hedef n\u00fcfusumuzu en iyi \u015fekilde temsil etmesi i\u00e7in n\u00fcfusun bir \u00f6rneklemini se\u00e7tik.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, bir posta kutusu g\u00f6nderirsek daha iyi sonu\u00e7lar elde edemeyiz. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anket <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temsiliyeti hesaba katmadan ve kimin cevaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n hedef kitlemizin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc temsil edip etmedi\u011fini bilmiyoruz.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E\u011fer temsil kabiliyetimiz yoksa, ger\u00e7ekten de bize hi\u00e7 hizmet etmeyecek verilere sahip olaca\u011f\u0131z. Numunenin, ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in bizim i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan \u00f6zellikleri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 garanti etmeliyiz.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Her zaman bir &#8220;i\u015fverenimiz&#8221; olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurun. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00f6nyarg\u0131<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her zaman \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle anketi yan\u0131tlamayacak veya eksik yan\u0131tlayacak ki\u015filer olacakt\u0131r. Bu durumda, ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fumuz verileri tam olarak elde edemeyiz. \u015eimdi de  <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/survey-sample-sizes-how-many-respondents-do-you-really-need\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olursa, daha geni\u015f bir n\u00fcfusu yak\u0131ndan temsil etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da o kadar y\u00fcksek olur.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temsili b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6rneklem, dahil edilen ki\u015filerin ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z olan ki\u015filer oldu\u011fundan daha emin olmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar ve ayr\u0131ca olas\u0131 \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131 azalt\u0131r. Bu nedenle, anketlerimizde yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak istiyorsak, temsili ve dengeli \u00f6rneklemlere sahip olmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Temsili bir \u00f6rneklem nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulur?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar temsili \u00f6rneklem olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in iki y\u00f6ntem kullan\u0131rlar &#8211; Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme ve olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00f6rnekleme<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>1. Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rneklemesi:<\/b> Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rneklemesi, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131l\u0131k teorisine dayal\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem kullanarak daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pop\u00fclasyondan bir \u00f6rneklem se\u00e7ti\u011fi bir tekniktir. Bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rneklem olarak kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in rastgele bir se\u00e7imle se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temsili bir \u00f6rneklem elde etmek i\u00e7in olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme kullanacaksak, basit rastgele \u00f6rnekleme en iyi se\u00e7imdir. \u00d6rneklem se\u00e7imi rastgele yap\u0131l\u0131r, bu da pop\u00fclasyonun her bir \u00fcyesinin ayn\u0131 se\u00e7ilme ve \u00f6rneklem grubuna dahil edilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 garanti eder.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>2. Olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00f6rnekleme:<\/b> Olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00f6rnekleme, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n rastgele se\u00e7im yerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6znel yarg\u0131s\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak \u00f6rnek se\u00e7ti\u011fi bir \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fidir. Olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00f6rneklemede, pop\u00fclasyonun her bir \u00fcyesinin se\u00e7ilme \u015fans\u0131n\u0131n bilindi\u011fi olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rneklemenin aksine, t\u00fcm pop\u00fclasyon \u00fcyelerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131lma \u015fans\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se\u00e7ilen \u00f6rneklemin demografik \u00f6zelliklerinin bilinmesi \u015f\u00fcphesiz istenen \u00f6rneklemin profilinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve cinsiyet, ya\u015f, ikamet yeri gibi bizi ilgilendiren de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu kriterleri bilerek, bilgiyi elde etmeden \u00f6nce, verimli ve temsili bir \u00f6rneklem olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kontrol sahibi olabiliriz. Hedef n\u00fcfusu yans\u0131tmayan bir \u00f6rnekleme sahip olmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131y\u0131z. Buradaki fikir, projemizin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en do\u011fru verilere sahip olmakt\u0131r.  <\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Daha iyi temsil i\u00e7in \u00f6rnekleme hatalar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir \u00f6rneklem temsili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6rnekleme marj\u0131 olarak bilinen bir \u00f6rnekleme hatas\u0131na sahip oluruz. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hata<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. E\u011fer 100 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fandan olu\u015fan temsili bir \u00f6rneklem elde etmek istiyorsak, benzer say\u0131da kad\u0131n ve erkek se\u00e7meliyiz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, belirli bir t\u00fcre e\u011filimli bir \u00f6rne\u011fimiz varsa, \u00f6rneklemde bir hata olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6nemlidir, ancak ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fumuz n\u00fcfusu do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde temsil etti\u011fini garanti etmez. Temsil edilebilirlik, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckten ziyade \u00f6rnekleme \u00e7er\u00e7evesiyle, yani \u00f6rne\u011fin bir anketin par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak insanlar\u0131n se\u00e7ildi\u011fi listeyle ilgilidir. Bu nedenle, temsili bir \u00f6rneklem oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek i\u00e7in hedef kitlemizden ki\u015filerin bu listeye dahil edilmesine dikkat etmeliyiz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Temsili bir \u00f6rneklem \u00f6rne\u011fi<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00fcm \u00fclkeyi temsil eden bir grup vatanda\u015f ulusal temsili \u00f6rneklem olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bunu ulusal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi yans\u0131tmak ve projelendirmek i\u00e7in kullanmaktad\u0131r. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tercih, davran\u0131\u015f veya sosyo-demografik profil olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En iyi durumda, temsili \u00f6rneklem, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ne olursa olsun, toplam n\u00fcfus oldu\u011fu izlenimini verecektir. Erkek ve kad\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 ulusal oranlarla e\u015fle\u015fmeli, her ya\u015f grubundaki y\u00fczde veya her b\u00f6lge n\u00fcfusla tam olarak e\u015fle\u015fmelidir, vb. Demografik olmayan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerde (\u00fcr\u00fcn sahipli\u011fi veya psikografik segmentasyon gibi), \u00f6rneklem pop\u00fclasyonla e\u015fle\u015fmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"square-cta secondary-lined-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/a\/showEntry.do?mode=audience&amp;sourceRef=blog-audience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ya\u015f \u00f6rne\u011fini ele alal\u0131m:<\/strong> e\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 kotalar\u0131 16 ila 34, 35 ila 54 veya 55&#8217;ten b\u00fcy\u00fck olarak belirlerse, \u00f6rneklem bu oranlar dahilinde temsil edilecektir. Ancak 16 ila 20, 21 ila 30, 31 ila 40 vb. ya\u015f aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 analiz ederse, \u00f6rneklemin do\u011fru kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n garantisi yoktur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir \u00f6rneklemde kota kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu, \u00f6rneklemin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve ankette mevcut olan referans verilere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Alt\u0131 ya\u015f d\u00f6nemi, iki cins ve 15 b\u00f6lge 180 h\u00fccrelik bir \u0131zgara olu\u015fturur. \u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sadece 100 ise, t\u00fcm h\u00fccreleri doldurmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bile, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm sadece yar\u0131m ki\u015fi gerektirebilir ve bu nedenle i\u00e7inde veri olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kland\u0131rma, bir \u00f6rne\u011fi daha temsili hale getirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Ge\u00e7meli h\u00fccrelere alternatif olarak, kota h\u00fccreleri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131labilir. Buradaki dezavantaj, \u00f6rneklemde \u00f6nemli &#8220;bo\u015fluklar&#8221; olabilmesidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin t\u00fcm gen\u00e7ler erkekse, aradaki farklar\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kland\u0131rmay\u0131 kullanmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Temsili \u00f6rneklem nedir? Temsili \u00f6rneklem tan\u0131m\u0131: Temsili bir \u00f6rneklem, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir miktar veya daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015feyin alt k\u00fcmesi olarak [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":617727,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1121,1114],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Temsili \u00d6rneklem: Tan\u0131m, \u00f6nem ve \u00f6rneklerle temsili bir \u00f6rneklemin nas\u0131l elde edilece\u011fi | QuestionPro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in temsili bir \u00f6rneklemin 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