{"id":730393,"date":"2018-04-11T06:36:30","date_gmt":"2018-04-11T13:36:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/orneklem-buyuklugunu-belirleme-tanim-formul-ve-ornek\/"},"modified":"2025-01-22T09:00:36","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T16:00:36","slug":"orneklem-buyuklugunu-belirleme-tanim-formul-ve-ornek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/orneklem-buyuklugunu-belirleme-tanim-formul-ve-ornek\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6rneklem B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Belirleme: Tan\u0131m, Form\u00fcl ve \u00d6rnek"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma hedefinizi incelemeye haz\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z? Ara\u015ft\u0131rma anketleri, hedef kitlenizden bilgi edinmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z veriler, m\u00fc\u015fteri ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya y\u00f6nelik i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler sa\u011flayarak sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ve m\u00fc\u015fteri sadakatinin artmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn hesaplanmas\u0131 ve belirlenmesi, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n niteli\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak do\u011fru kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 i\u00e7in zorunludur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Peki, \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc nas\u0131l belirlemelisiniz?<\/strong> Anketinizi kimin almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini nas\u0131l biliyorsunuz? Hedef kitlenin say\u0131s\u0131na nas\u0131l karar veriyorsunuz?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7ok fazla anket g\u00f6ndermek, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00f6rnekleme g\u00f6re size kesin bir avantaj sa\u011flamadan pahal\u0131ya mal olabilir. Ancak \u00e7ok az say\u0131da g\u00f6nderirseniz, do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lara varmak i\u00e7in yeterli veriye sahip olamazs\u0131n\u0131z. \u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde nas\u0131l hesaplayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve belirleyece\u011finizi bilmek size rakiplerinize kar\u015f\u0131 avantaj sa\u011flayabilir. \u0130yi bir numunenin neleri i\u00e7erdi\u011fine bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m. Ayr\u0131ca, bir sonraki anketiniz i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyebilmeniz i\u00e7in \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hesaplama form\u00fcl\u00fcne bakal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6rneklem B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Nedir?<\/b><\/h3>\n

‘\u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’, ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak i\u00e7in dahil edilen bireylerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 terimidir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u00f6rneklemlerini ya\u015f, cinsiyet veya fiziksel konum gibi demografik \u00f6zelliklere g\u00f6re se\u00e7erler.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6rnekler belirsiz veya spesifik olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 18-25 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki ki\u015filerin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcz hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bilmek isteyebilirsiniz. Ya da \u00f6rnekleminizin yaln\u0131zca Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilirsiniz, bu da size geni\u015f bir n\u00fcfus aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. Belirli bir \u00f6rneklemdeki toplam birey say\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc neden belirlemeniz gerekiyor?<\/b><\/h3>\n

Diyelim ki ABD’de bir pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z ve bir anket veya soru formu<\/a> g\u00f6ndermek istiyorsunuz. Amac\u0131n\u0131z, kitlenizin piyasaya s\u00fcrmeyi planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z yeni bir cep telefonuna y\u00f6nelik duygular\u0131n\u0131 anlamakt\u0131r. Lansmandan \u00f6nce, bu telefonun ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 veya ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edebilmek i\u00e7in ABD’deki insanlar\u0131n yeni \u00fcr\u00fcn hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenmek istersiniz.<\/p>\n

Varsay\u0131msal olarak, 8,49 milyon olan New York n\u00fcfusunu se\u00e7iyorsunuz. \u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirleme form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak 500 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan bir \u00f6rneklem se\u00e7iyorsunuz. <\/span>t\u00fcketi\u0307ci\u0307 paneli\u0307<\/span> gereklilik. Yan\u0131tlar\u0131, hedef kitlenizin yeni \u00fcr\u00fcne nas\u0131l tepki verece\u011fini belirlemenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak, \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc nas\u0131l belirleyece\u011finizi bilmek, anketinizi olabildi\u011fince \u00e7ok ki\u015fiye uygulamaktan daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. \u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckse, kaynak, zaman ve para israf\u0131na neden olabilir. \u00c7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00f6rneklem boyutu, maksimum i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fc elde etmenize izin vermez ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n yetersiz kalmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc etraf\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan terimler nelerdir?<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirlemeye ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, bilmeniz gereken terimlere bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. N\u00fcfus b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc:<\/b> N\u00fcfus b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, demografinize uyan ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi oldu\u011fudur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Kuzey Amerika’da ikamet eden doktorlar hakk\u0131nda bilgi almak istiyorsunuz. N\u00fcfus b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz Kuzey Amerika’daki toplam doktor say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Merak etmeyin! N\u00fcfus b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn her zaman o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131 gerekmez. Kimi temsil etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bildi\u011finiz s\u00fcrece daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck n\u00fcfus b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri de size do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lar verebilir.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. G\u00fcven seviyesi:<\/b> G\u00fcven d\u00fczeyi, verilerinizin do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan ne kadar emin olabilece\u011finizi g\u00f6sterir. Y\u00fczde olarak ifade edilir ve g\u00fcven aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na hizalan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyiniz %90 ise, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla %90 do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Hata pay\u0131 (g\u00fcven aral\u0131\u011f\u0131):<\/b> S\u00f6z konusu anketler oldu\u011funda, %100 do\u011fru sonu\u00e7 vermenin bir yolu yoktur. G\u00fcven aral\u0131klar\u0131, verilerinizin pop\u00fclasyon ortalamas\u0131ndan ne kadar uza\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmesine izin verece\u011finizi g\u00f6sterir. A\u00a0<\/span>hata pay\u0131 <\/span><\/a>bir anket sonucunun ger\u00e7ek n\u00fcfus de\u011ferine g\u00f6re ne kadar yak\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyebilece\u011finizi a\u00e7\u0131klar.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Standart sapma:<\/b> Standart sapma, bir veri setinin ortalamas\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n mutlak de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7er. Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m veya de\u011fi\u015fkenlik ne kadar y\u00fcksekse, standart sapma ve sapman\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, anketinizi \u00e7oktan g\u00f6nderdiniz. Yan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131zda ne kadar de\u011fi\u015fkenlik bekliyorsunuz? Yan\u0131ttaki bu de\u011fi\u015fkenlik sapman\u0131n standard\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hesaplama form\u00fcl\u00fc – \u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn nas\u0131l belirlenece\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenin<\/b><\/h3>\n

    Gerekli t\u00fcm terimler tan\u0131mland\u0131ktan sonra, \u00f6rneklem hesaplama form\u00fcl\u00fc kullanarak \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn nas\u0131l belirlenece\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmenin zaman\u0131 geldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    G\u00fcven d\u00fczeyiniz bir Z-skoruna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir. Bu, bu denklem i\u00e7in gereken sabit bir de\u011ferdir. \u0130\u015fte en yayg\u0131n g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyleri i\u00e7in z-skorlar\u0131:<\/span><\/p>\n

    90 – Z Puan\u0131 = 1,645<\/span><\/p>\n

    95 – Z Puan\u0131 = 1,96<\/span><\/p>\n

    99 – Z Puan\u0131 = 2,576<\/span><\/p>\n

    Farkl\u0131 bir g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyi se\u00e7erseniz, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i ara\u00e7lar puan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bulman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Gerekli \u00d6rneklem B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc = (Z-skor)2 * StdDev*(1-StdDev) \/ (hata pay\u0131)2<\/b><\/p>\n

    Burada, %90 g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyi, .6 standart sapma ve +\/- %4 hata pay\u0131 (g\u00fcven aral\u0131\u011f\u0131) se\u00e7ti\u011finizi varsayarak matemati\u011fin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir \u00f6rnek verilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ((1.64)2 x .6(.6)) \/ (.04)2<\/span><\/p>\n

    ( 2.68x .0.36) \/ .0016<\/span><\/p>\n

    .9648 \/ .0016<\/span><\/p>\n

    =603 <\/span><\/p>\n

    603 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131ya ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r ve bu sizin \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz olur.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nas\u0131l belirlenir?<\/b><\/h3>\n

    Anketiniz i\u00e7in do\u011fru \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirlemek, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bir pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ba\u015flarken en s\u0131k sorduklar\u0131 sorulardan biridir. Neyse ki, \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirlemek, eski bir lise istatistik dersinden hat\u0131rlayabilece\u011finiz kadar zor bir hesaplama de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc hesaplamadan \u00f6nce, bu hususlar\u0131 yerine getirdi\u011finizden emin olun:<\/b><\/h4>\n