{"id":730857,"date":"2022-09-30T11:00:30","date_gmt":"2022-09-30T18:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/kendi-kendini-secme-onyargisi-nedir-yontemler-ve-ornekler\/"},"modified":"2022-09-30T11:00:30","modified_gmt":"2022-09-30T11:00:30","slug":"kendi-kendini-secme-onyargisi-nedir-yontemler-ve-ornekler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/kendi-kendini-secme-onyargisi-nedir-yontemler-ve-ornekler\/","title":{"rendered":"Kendi Kendini Se\u00e7me \u00d6nyarg\u0131s\u0131: Nedir, Y\u00f6ntemler ve \u00d6rnekler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c7o\u011fu zaman ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, hedef pop\u00fclasyonda olanlarla uyu\u015fmayan sonu\u00e7lar elde etmekte zorlan\u0131rlar. Bunun pek \u00e7ok nedeni olsa da, kendi kendini se\u00e7me yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemlilerinden biridir.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8221; dedi\u011fimizde<\/span><b>se\u00e7im yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8221; derken, ilgili pop\u00fclasyonunuzun yanl\u0131\u015f veya eksik temsil edilmesine neden olan bir deneyin yanl\u0131\u015f gitti\u011fini kastediyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu \u00f6nyarg\u0131, programlar\u0131 veya \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken bir sorundur. Kendi kendini se\u00e7me, pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapmay\u0131 ve programlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeyi zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu blogda, \u00f6z se\u00e7im yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in hangi y\u00f6ntemleri izlememiz gerekti\u011fini ele alaca\u011f\u0131z ve ayr\u0131ca bu yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler verece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Kendi kendini se\u00e7me \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 nedir?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kendi kendini se\u00e7me \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131, insanlar bir gruba kat\u0131lmay\u0131 kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na se\u00e7tiklerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00f6rnekleme kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yanl\u0131 bir \u00f6rnekleme neden olur. Genellikle gruptaki insanlar\u0131n orada olmay\u0131 se\u00e7melerine neden olan \u00f6zelliklerinin grupta garip veya k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015feylerin olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u015euna benzer <\/span><b>yan\u0131t vermeme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu, anketi cevaplayan grubun cevap vermeyen gruptan farkl\u0131 cevaplar verdi\u011fi durumdur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u015eimdi bu \u00f6nyarg\u0131y\u0131 azaltman\u0131n y\u00f6ntemlerini tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler de verece\u011fiz. Daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in sonuna kadar bizimle kal\u0131n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Kendi kendini se\u00e7me \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltma y\u00f6ntemleri<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6z se\u00e7im yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rman\u0131n en belirgin yolu, insanlar\u0131n anket i\u00e7in kendilerini se\u00e7melerine izin vermemektir. Bir \u00f6rneklem elde etmek i\u00e7in olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fi idealdir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rneklemesi, olas\u0131l\u0131k teorisine dayal\u0131 sistematik bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in bir pop\u00fclasyon se\u00e7me y\u00f6ntemidir. Burada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, t\u00fcm pop\u00fclasyondan \u00f6zelliklerini tahmin etmek istedi\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir grup insan se\u00e7er.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme, rastgelelik ilkesine dayan\u0131r; bu da ara\u015ft\u0131rma pop\u00fclasyonunun t\u00fcm \u00fcyelerinin \u00f6rnek pop\u00fclasyonda yer alma \u015fans\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fit oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, evren b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 500 ise, evrendeki her ki\u015finin ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6rnekleminde yer alma \u015fans\u0131 500&#8217;de 1&#8217;dir.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu y\u00f6ntemin arkas\u0131ndaki temel fikir, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc temsil eden rastgele bir \u00f6rneklem se\u00e7ebilirseniz, tahminlerinizin do\u011fru olaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rnek pop\u00fclasyon yeterince b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funda, \u00f6rnekleme dayal\u0131 olarak t\u00fcm pop\u00fclasyon hakk\u0131nda sonuca varmak i\u00e7in istatistiksel teknikler kullanabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemlerine baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Basit rastgele \u00f6rneklem: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amerikan Toplum Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, insanlar\u0131 rastgele se\u00e7erek Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri&#8217;ndeki ya\u015fam hakk\u0131nda bilgi toplar.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Birle\u015fik Devletler N\u00fcfus Say\u0131m B\u00fcrosu, \u00fclkedeki rastgele bir \u00f6rneklemden ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi ister. Daha sonra bu bilgiyi t\u00fcm n\u00fcfusu sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sistematik \u00f6rnekleme:  <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sistematik \u00f6rnekleme, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rma evreninin \u00fcyelerini bulmak i\u00e7in rastgele bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 ve sabit aral\u0131klar kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130\u015fte \u015fu anda olanlar. Sistematik \u00f6rnekleme \u00f6rne\u011fi<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diyelim ki ilgilendi\u011finiz ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 800. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olarak rastgele alt\u0131nc\u0131 ki\u015fiyi se\u00e7ebilir ve 10 ki\u015filik rastgele bir \u00f6rnekleme aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirleyebilirsiniz. Bu, ara\u015ft\u0131rma pop\u00fclasyonunun arka arkaya her 10. elemandan olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Tabakal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme:  <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tabakaland\u0131rma fikri, tabakal\u0131 \u00f6rneklemenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u015feydir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma pop\u00fclasyonu cinsiyet, ya\u015f, gelir d\u00fczeyi ve di\u011fer benzer fakt\u00f6rlere g\u00f6re alt gruplara (&#8220;tabaka&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r) ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, buna &#8220;tabakaland\u0131rma&#8221; denir. Her katmana ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilir. Ard\u0131ndan, her tabakaya rastgele bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 verilerek bir \u00f6rneklem se\u00e7ilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>K\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesi:  <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6rneklerini b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pop\u00fclasyondan \u015fansa dayal\u0131 olarak se\u00e7menin bir yoludur. Bu durumda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, n\u00fcfusu mahalleler ve \u015fehirler gibi mevcut gruplara ay\u0131r\u0131r. \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme olarak da bilinir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6rneklemini k\u00fcmelemek i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, \u00f6rneklemi farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere sahip do\u011fal olarak olu\u015fan alt gruplara ay\u0131r\u0131r. Daha sonra, \u00f6rnek olarak kullanmak ve gerekli bilgileri elde etmek i\u00e7in rastgele k\u00fcmeler se\u00e7erler.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kendi kendini se\u00e7me yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00f6rnekler<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnekler, kendi kendini se\u00e7me yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n muhtemel oldu\u011fu birka\u00e7 durumu g\u00f6stermektedir:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rnek 1<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir \u00f6\u011fretmen, s\u0131navlarda nas\u0131l ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olunaca\u011f\u0131na dair yeni bir dersin \u00f6\u011frencilerin daha iyi performans g\u00f6stermesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek istiyor. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na bir kay\u0131t sayfas\u0131 koyuyor ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin dersi almak isteyip istemediklerine kendilerinin karar vermesine izin veriyor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Okul konusunda daha ciddi olan \u00f6\u011frencilerin kaydolma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kendi kendini se\u00e7me yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhtemeldir. Bu, kursu alan \u00f6\u011frenci \u00f6rnekleminin muhtemelen kursu alabilecek t\u00fcm gruba benzemedi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rnek 2<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir yerel y\u00f6netimin, \u0130ngilizce bilmeyen insanlar\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in insanlara sokak tabelalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngilizce d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki dillerde de yaz\u0131l\u0131p yaz\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini soran bir anket g\u00f6nderdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sadece \u0130ngilizce okuyabilen sakinler anketi cevaplayaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kendi kendini se\u00e7me yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhtemeldir. Bu, anketi yan\u0131tlayan ki\u015filerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin muhtemelen kasabada ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle ayn\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rnek 3<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir biyolog, belirli bir geyik t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ortalama boyunun ne kadar oldu\u011funu anlamak isterse, a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u00e7ay\u0131ra geyik yemi koyabilir ve bunu yemeye gelen geyiklerin foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu durumda, sadece bu t\u00fcr geyik yemlerini seven veya a\u00e7\u0131k alanda daha rahat olan geyiklerin \u00e7ay\u0131ra girmesi ve \u00f6rnek verilere dahil edilmesi muhtemel oldu\u011fundan, kendi kendini se\u00e7me yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 muhtemeldir.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu \u00f6rneklemdeki geyiklerin ortalama boyunun t\u00fcm geyiklerin ortalama boyuyla ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 pek olas\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sonu\u00e7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kendi kendini se\u00e7me \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve bu \u00f6nyarg\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l azalt\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na dair y\u00f6ntemleri \u00f6\u011frendik. Ayr\u0131ca baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler de verdik. Kendi kendini se\u00e7me \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorundur. Olas\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00f6rnekleme kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yanl\u0131 bir \u00f6rneklem olu\u015fturur. \u0130\u015finizde bu \u00f6nyarg\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemini tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">QuestionPro sadece anket yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131d\u0131r; her sorun ve i\u015f i\u00e7in bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunuyoruz. InsightsHub ara\u015ft\u0131rma k\u00fct\u00fcphanemiz gibi veri y\u00f6netim platformlar\u0131m\u0131z da var.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki kurulu\u015flar, verileri daha iyi y\u00f6netmek, i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fc elde etmek i\u00e7in zamandan tasarruf etmek ve maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcp yat\u0131r\u0131m getirisini art\u0131r\u0131rken ge\u00e7mi\u015f veri kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in InsightsHub gibi bilgi y\u00f6netimi sistemlerini ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini kullan\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/insightshub\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><button>DAHA FAZLA BI\u0307LGI\u0307 EDI\u0307NI\u0307N<\/button><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c7o\u011fu zaman ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, hedef pop\u00fclasyonda olanlarla uyu\u015fmayan sonu\u00e7lar elde etmekte zorlan\u0131rlar. Bunun pek \u00e7ok nedeni olsa da, kendi kendini se\u00e7me [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":565850,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1212],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kendi Kendini Se\u00e7me \u00d6nyarg\u0131s\u0131: Nedir, Y\u00f6ntemler ve \u00d6rnekler | QuestionPro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00d6z se\u00e7im yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lamasa da, sorunu anlamam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in elimizden geldi\u011fince \u00f6l\u00e7meliyiz.\" 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