{"id":730978,"date":"2018-08-30T08:40:56","date_gmt":"2018-08-30T15:40:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/guttman-olcegi-tanim-ozellikler-ve-ornekler\/"},"modified":"2018-08-30T08:40:56","modified_gmt":"2018-08-30T08:40:56","slug":"guttman-olcegi-tanim-ozellikler-ve-ornekler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/guttman-olcegi-tanim-ozellikler-ve-ornekler\/","title":{"rendered":"Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi: Tan\u0131m, \u00d6zellikler ve \u00d6rnekler"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"tags-wrap\">\n<p class=\"content-index\" style=\"margin-top: 0;\">\u0130\u00e7erik Dizini<\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-weight: 400; margin: 0 30px; line-height: 22px;\">\n<li><a href=\"#Guttman_Scale_Definition\">Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#Guttman_Scale_Characteristics\">Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi \u00d6zellikleri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#Steps_for_developing_a_Guttman_Scale_with_Examples\">\u00d6rneklerle Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi Geli\u015ftirme Ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#Guttman_Scale_Applications_with_Examples\">\u00d6rneklerle Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi Uygulamalar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#Guttman_Scale_Advantages\">Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi Avantajlar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-62571\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Guttman-scale_Final1.jpg\" alt=\"Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi\" width=\"992\" height=\"594\"><\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"Guttman_Scale_Definition\" class=\"blankurl\"><\/a><b>Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 tek boyutlu \u00f6l\u00e7ekten biridir, di\u011fer ikisi &#8211; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/article\/likert-scale-survey-questions.html\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Likert \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  ve Thurstone \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi. K\u00fcm\u00fclatif \u00f6l\u00e7ekleme veya skalogram analizi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi, muhtemelen hiyerar\u015fik bir \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilecek unsurlarla olu\u015fturulur. Bu durum, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 &#8220;tutumu&#8221; temsil etmektedir  <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/features\/survey-respondents.html\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yani eldeki konu hakk\u0131nda son derece olumlu veya olumsuz. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu \u00f6l\u00e7ek, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin s\u00fcreklili\u011fi i\u00e7in tek boyutlu bir \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin gerekli oldu\u011fu durumlarda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r. &#8220;Tek&#8221; boyutlu \u00f6l\u00e7ek, cevap se\u00e7eneklerinin yaln\u0131zca bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm parametresine sahip oldu\u011funu, yani bir dizi say\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7ekle ili\u015fkilendirilebilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, &#8220;0-10 aras\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00e7ekte, bu havayolu \u015firketinin hizmetinden ne kadar memnunsunuz?&#8221; &#8211; tek boyutlu cevap se\u00e7enekleri ile belirtilebilir.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde bir ifade listesi vard\u0131r. Bu listenin sonunda yer alan ifadeyi kabul eden kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n, son ifadenin \u00fczerindeki di\u011fer t\u00fcm ifadeleri de kabul etmi\u015f olacaklar\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131labilir. Her ifadenin kendisiyle ili\u015fkili bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilere g\u00f6re toplanmas\u0131  <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/7-customer-feedback-fails-that-will-drive-your-business-into-the-ground\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 geri bildirimi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 ifadelerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmede yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 5 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde, bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n 3 puan almas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin ilk 3 ifadesine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, farkl\u0131 bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n 5 puan almas\u0131 ise bu k\u00fcm\u00fclatif \u00f6l\u00e7ekteki t\u00fcm ifadelere kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin temel amac\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7ekte belirtilen ifadelerin %100&#8217;\u00fcne uyan kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 filtrelemektir. Ancak, pratikte kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n bir dizi ifadeye tam olarak uymas\u0131 pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir ve bu nedenle, hedef kitleye en yak\u0131n ifade setini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in skalogram analizi yap\u0131l\u0131r.  <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/audience\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">izleyici<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  kabul ediyor. Bogardus \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi, Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finin pop\u00fclatif bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Daha fazla bilgi edinin: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/likert-scale-examples\/\">Likert \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi \u00d6rnekleri<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"Guttman_Scale_Characteristics\" class=\"blankurl\"><\/a><b>Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi \u00d6zellikleri<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi tek boyutludur:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi, en az zor olandan en \u00e7ok zor olana do\u011fru zorluk s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re ifadeler i\u00e7erir ve bu nedenle do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi tek y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr. 10 maddelik bir Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde, bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n 8 puan almas\u0131, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin ilk 8 ifadesine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin son iki ifadesine kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Deterministik model: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu model <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/features\/track-responses.html\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yan\u0131tlar<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin kabul edilen son ifadesine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilir ve yan\u0131tlar\u0131n k\u00fcm\u00fclatifidir. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin deterministik yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle t\u00fcm ifadelere verilen cevaplar bu k\u00fcm\u00fclatif puan temelinde de\u011ferlendirilebilir.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Tekrarlanabilir sorular eklenmi\u015ftir:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde sadece tekrarlanabilir sorular vard\u0131r, bu da istenen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fcretemeyecek sorular\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7ekten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve sadece \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik amac\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilecek sorular\u0131n dahil edilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. <\/span> <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Verilerin s\u0131ral\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0130fadelerin listesi bir s\u0131raya g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/ordinal-data\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s\u0131ral\u0131<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u015fekilde, yani minimum \u00f6nemli ifadeden maksimum \u00f6nemli ifadeye kadar.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Daha fazla bilgi edinin: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/ordinal-scale\/\">S\u0131ral\u0131 \u00d6l\u00e7ek<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"Steps_for_developing_a_Guttman_Scale_with_Examples\" class=\"blankurl\"><\/a><b>\u00d6rneklerle Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi Geli\u015ftirme Ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in bir \u00f6rne\u011fi ele alaca\u011f\u0131z &#8211; ABD&#8217;deki okul silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan sonra, personel ve idarenin okula silah ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in yasalar tasarlanmal\u0131 m\u0131? Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funun artmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan bu konu \u00f6\u011frenciler aras\u0131nda giderek daha fazla tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r hale geldi. Bir Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinde be\u015f ana ad\u0131m vard\u0131r.  <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fini kullanman\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 netle\u015ftirin: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Her <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-ordinal-interval-ratio\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00f6l\u00e7ekleme y\u00f6ntemi<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  etkili bir uygulama i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir hedefe sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da bahsedilen \u00f6rnekte, e\u011fer \u00f6\u011frenciler okulda silah bulunduran personel ve idareyi destekleyenlerin toplam puan\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak isterlerse, bu onlar\u0131n Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi uygulamak i\u00e7in hedefleri olabilir. Hedefte, t\u00fcm personelin mi yoksa sadece silah sahibi olan baz\u0131 personelin mi amac\u0131 yerine getirece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmelidir.  <\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Bir ifade listesi olu\u015fturun: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yasalar\u0131n tasarlanmas\u0131 konusunda <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/seven-tips-for-creating-insights\/\">istenen i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcleri<\/a> elde etmek i\u00e7in, sorumlular \u00f6l\u00e7ek i\u00e7in bir ifade listesi olu\u015fturabilir veya etkili ifadelerin \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fe dahil edilebilmesi i\u00e7in uzmanlar\u0131 dahil edebilir.<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Silah stoklar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 destekliyorum.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sivil halka silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 konusunda herhangi bir d\u00fczenlemeyi desteklemiyorum.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sivillere silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tamamen yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 destekliyorum.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde daha s\u0131k\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f kontrollerini destekliyorum.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ak\u0131l hastalar\u0131na silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 destekliyorum.  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Makul sonu\u00e7lar i\u00e7in Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi ifadelerinin genellikle 80-100 aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131 beklenir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Daha fazla bilgi edinin: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/teacher-evaluation\/\">\u00d6\u011fretmen De\u011ferlendirme Anketleri<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0130fadelerin her birine de\u011ferler atay\u0131n:  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130fadelerin geli\u015ftirilmesi s\u00fcrecine dahil olan uzmanlar, okul sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yasalar konusuna verdikleri \u00f6neme g\u00f6re her bir ifadeye de\u011fer atamal\u0131d\u0131r. Uzmanlardan, ifade okul sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yasalar lehine ise Evet, okul sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yasalar lehine de\u011filse Hay\u0131r cevab\u0131n\u0131 vermeleri beklenmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, bu a\u015famada \u00e7ok kritik bir hususun ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir &#8211; atanan de\u011ferler uzmanlar\u0131n ki\u015fisel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini i\u00e7ermemeli ve bunun yerine sadece okul sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yasalara katk\u0131lar\u0131 temelinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r.  <\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Analiz i\u00e7in Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fini yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n:  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finin analizi en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131md\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli ifadeler i\u00e7in al\u0131nan cevaplar bir  <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/help\/matrix-multipoint-scale-question.html\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Matris<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table-border\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u00e7\u0131klama 1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u00e7\u0131klama 2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u00e7\u0131klama 3  <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u00e7\u0131klama 4<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u00e7\u0131klama 5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">16<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">20<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">21<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yukar\u0131da belirtilen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/features\/side-by-side-matrix.html\">matriste<\/a>, ilk sat\u0131rda, e\u011fer bir ki\u015fi 5. ifadeyi kabul ederse, bu o ki\u015finin \u00f6nceki ifadeleri, yani 1&#8217;den 4&#8217;e kadar olan ifadeleri de kabul etmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ayr\u0131ca, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n cevaplar\u0131nda istisnalar olabilir ancak genel olarak, 4. ifadeye kat\u0131lan kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar 1&#8217;den 3&#8217;e kadar olan ifadelere de kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bir beyan listesi olmas\u0131 durumunda, pazarlamac\u0131lar i\u00e7in verileri analiz etmek son derece uygundur, ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/data-collection\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">veri toplan\u0131r<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">analizi zor bir ad\u0131m haline gelir. Bu durumda, pazarlamac\u0131lardan istenen k\u00fcm\u00fclatife en yak\u0131n alt k\u00fcmeyi analiz etmeleri beklenir.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daha fazla bilgi edinin: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/article\/market-research-surveys-guide.html\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pazar Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 Anketleri Rehberi<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130deale en yak\u0131n Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fini olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere toplanan verileri analiz etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli istatistiksel analiz teknikleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu  <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/quantitative-data\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nicel veriler<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6l\u00e7ekteki her bir maddenin de\u011ferini de temsil eder. <\/span> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fin Uygulanmas\u0131: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fin \u00e7e\u015fitli maddelerine (ifadelerine) karar verdikten sonra, her bir madde i\u00e7in elde edilen cevaplar\u0131 uygulama zaman\u0131 gelmi\u015ftir. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/features\/survey-respondents.html\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n her bir ifadeye kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeleri yeterlidir. <\/span> <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Okul sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yasalar \u00f6rne\u011fi i\u00e7in, ifadelerin s\u0131ras\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi gibi olabilir:  <\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sivil halka silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin herhangi bir d\u00fczenlemeyi desteklemiyorum.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde daha s\u0131k\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f kontrollerini destekliyorum.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Silah stoklar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 destekliyorum.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ak\u0131l hastalar\u0131na silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 destekliyorum.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sivillere silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tamamen yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 destekliyorum.  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"square-cta secondary-lined-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/a\/showEntry.do?mode=audience&amp;sourceRef=blog-audience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"Guttman_Scale_Applications_with_Examples\" class=\"blankurl\"><\/a><b>\u00d6rneklerle Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi Uygulamalar\u0131  <\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi, sosyal \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirme uygulamalar\u0131nda ve ayr\u0131ca genel olarak <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/culture-survey\/\">\u00f6rg\u00fct k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc<\/a>, e\u011fitim veya ba\u015far\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesini hesaplarken pop\u00fclerdir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Daha fazla bilgi edinin: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/survey-templates\/supervision-evaluation\/\">S\u00fcperviz\u00f6r De\u011ferlendirmesi<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Uygulama 1: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi bir kurulu\u015fun hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gibi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/new-feature-workforce-self-select-hierarchy-for-employee-360-surveys\/\">\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hiyerar\u015fisini<\/a> analiz eden sorulara yer vererek:  <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kurumum taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen sosyal ama\u00e7lara katk\u0131da bulunmaya istekliyim.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Verilen g\u00f6revi tamamlamak i\u00e7in daha uzun saatler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131r\u0131m.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ekip \u00fcyelerimle daha iyi ileti\u015fim kurmaya istekliyim.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Konferans ve seminerlere kat\u0131lmaya istekliyim  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Uygulama 2: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu k\u00fcm\u00fclatif \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirme y\u00f6ntemi ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131labilir <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/customer-journey-map\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">m\u00fc\u015fteri yolculu\u011fu<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu durumda, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen sorular \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olabilir:  <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sorunumu kolayca \u00e7\u00f6zebilmem i\u00e7in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/customer-service\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">m\u00fc\u015fteri\u0307 hi\u0307zmetleri\u0307<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Tak\u0131m. <\/span> <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00dcr\u00fcnleri kap\u0131ma kadar teslim alabiliyordum.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Destek ekibiyle h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebildim.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130htiyac\u0131m olan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u015firketin web sitesinde kolayca bulabildim.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00dcr\u00fcnlerin \u00f6demesini kolayca yapabildim.  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Daha fazla bilgi edinin: M\u00fc\u015fteri Memnuniyeti Anketleri<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"Guttman_Scale_Advantages\" class=\"blankurl\"><\/a><b>Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi Avantajlar\u0131  <\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Son derece hiyerar\u015fik ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin hiyerar\u015fik ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fas\u0131 nedeniyle, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede son derece \u00fcretken olabilir <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/tour\/surveys.html\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anketler<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ve <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anketler<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sosyal mesafeyi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hiyerar\u015fisini, evrim a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 vb. analiz etmek i\u00e7in.<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Birden fazla sorgu i\u00e7in i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fc elde etmek amac\u0131yla uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131tlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/what-are-online-surveys\/\">\u00e7evrimi\u00e7i ankette<\/a> k\u0131sa bir yer kaplayan birden fazla ifade i\u00e7erir. <\/span> <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Di\u011fer tek boyutlu \u00f6l\u00e7eklere g\u00f6re daha sezgiseldir:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cevaplar\u0131n bu \u00f6l\u00e7ekte temsil edilme \u015fekli, Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fini kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in son derece sezgisel hale getirmektedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Verileri s\u0131ral\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00fcretir:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Bu \u00f6l\u00e7ekte belirtilen ifadelerin \u00f6nem dereceleri ve de\u011ferleri buna g\u00f6re ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 s\u0131ralama cinsindendir.  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Daha fazla bilgi edinin: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/interval-scale\/\">Aral\u0131k \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130\u00e7erik Dizini Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi Tan\u0131m\u0131 Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi \u00d6zellikleri \u00d6rneklerle Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi Geli\u015ftirme Ad\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00d6rneklerle Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi Uygulamalar\u0131 Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi Avantajlar\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":621924,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1121,1114],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Guttman \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi: Tan\u0131m, \u00d6zellikler ve \u00d6rnekler | QuestionPro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"K\u00fcm\u00fclatif \u00f6l\u00e7ekleme veya skalogram analizi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan Guttman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi, muhtemelen hiyerar\u015fik bir \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilecek unsurlarla olu\u015fturulur. 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