{"id":789762,"date":"2023-03-17T18:59:45","date_gmt":"2023-03-17T18:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/universite-arastirma-calismalari-5-ilginc-vaka\/"},"modified":"2023-06-08T22:44:04","modified_gmt":"2023-06-08T22:44:04","slug":"universite-arastirma-calismalari-5-ilginc-vaka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/universite-arastirma-calismalari-5-ilginc-vaka\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dcniversite Ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131: 5 \u0130lgin\u00e7 Vaka"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00dcniversite ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, etraf\u0131m\u0131zdaki d\u00fcnyay\u0131 daha iyi anlamam\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Y\u0131llar boyunca, toplumu derinden etkileyen bir\u00e7ok \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n

Sadece Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 300.000 ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 yay\u0131nlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu bize insanl\u0131k tarihinde var olan makale, dergi, deney vb. say\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir fikir verir. Ancak bundan her zaman istisnai bir akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7\u0131kma ihtimali vard\u0131r; bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma o kadar iyidir ki etraf\u0131nda yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar her y\u0131l insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bilgi birikimine katk\u0131da bulunuyor. Psikologlar zihnin gizemlerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, sosyologlar toplumun e\u011filimlerini a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. T\u0131bbi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, karma\u015f\u0131k ve karma\u015f\u0131k insan v\u00fccudunu incelemek i\u00e7in en fazla \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 \u00fcreten ara\u015ft\u0131rmalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131ndan insan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar toplumu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiledi ve yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ve yeniliklere ilham vermeye devam ediyor. \u0130\u015fte insanl\u0131k tarihinin en \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131:<\/p>\n\n

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  1. Framingham Kalp \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131: Kalp Hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Azalt\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Framingham Kalp \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/a>, kardiyovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131k alan\u0131ndaki en etkili boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015f<\/a> malardan biridir. 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda, o d\u00f6nemde Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde \u00f6nde gelen \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeni olan kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ortak risk fakt\u00f6rlerini belirlemek amac\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu anda Ulusal Kalp, Akci\u011fer ve Kan Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc olarak bilinen Ulusal Kalp Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Framingham, Massachusetts’in 5.000’den fazla sakinini i\u015fe ald\u0131 ve o zamandan beri birka\u00e7 on y\u0131l boyunca sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 takip etti. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, kardiyovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131klar\u0131n nedenlerinin ve risk fakt\u00f6rlerinin daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015f ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki di\u011fer epidemiyolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7in bir model olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n

    \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma sonraki y\u0131llarda da b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olmadan devam etmi\u015ftir. 1971 y\u0131l\u0131nda Boston \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi<\/a> programa y\u00fcklenici ve akademik ortak olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu sadece bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc gen\u00e7 yeti\u015fkinlere y\u00f6nelik ileriye d\u00f6n\u00fck bir epidemiyolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapma ihtiyac\u0131 fark edildi. Orijinal kohortun \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve e\u015flerinden olu\u015fan 5.124 erkek ve kad\u0131ndan olu\u015fan yeni bir \u00f6rneklem i\u015fe al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

    Framingham Kalp \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 (FHS) kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015f ve tedavide \u00f6nemli at\u0131l\u0131mlara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. FHS sayesinde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ili\u015fkili risk fakt\u00f6rlerini tespit etmi\u015f ve bu risklerin bir\u00e7o\u011funun de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015flerdir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, doktorlar art\u0131k hasta muayeneleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda rutin olarak y\u00fcksek tansiyon, y\u00fcksek kolesterol, sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131, sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131, fiziksel hareketsizlik ve obezite gibi g\u00f6stergeleri kontrol etmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, bu risk fakt\u00f6rlerinin etkisinin hastan\u0131n cinsiyetine veya \u0131rk\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fini bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr ke\u015fifler kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, engellenmesi ve tedavisi i\u00e7in daha etkili m\u00fcdahalelerin yolunu a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

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    1. Harvard Hibe \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131: \u0130nsani Geli\u015fimi ve Refah\u0131 Anlamak<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

      Grant \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olarak da bilinen Harvard Grant<\/a> \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, en uzun s\u00fcreli kesintisiz boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma rekorunu elinde tutmaktad\u0131r. Her \u015fey 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir grup gen\u00e7 erke\u011fin ya\u015famlar\u0131 boyunca geli\u015fimsel y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerini incelemek amac\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve tatmin edici bir ya\u015fama katk\u0131da bulunan fakt\u00f6rleri belirlemek amac\u0131yla psikiyatrist George Vaillant taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n

      Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 268 Harvard \u00dcniversitesi ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6\u011frencisinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, y\u0131llar boyunca bu ki\u015filerin kariyerleri, ili\u015fkileri ve sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 takip etti. Tarihteki en uzun soluklu boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan biri olan bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma, insan geli\u015fimine katk\u0131da bulunan fakt\u00f6rlere ili\u015fkin de\u011ferli bilgiler ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n

      Onlarca y\u0131l s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan ve \u00fcnl\u00fc Grant \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in harcanan milyonlarca dolardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak en b\u00fcy\u00fck sonu\u00e7, Beatles’\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi, ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olan tek \u015feyin sevgi oldu\u011fudur. En mutlu ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 insanlar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ki\u015fileraras\u0131 ili\u015fkiler bildirirken, izole olanlar\u0131n ya\u015fland\u0131k\u00e7a zihinsel ve fiziksel sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler oldu. Program direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Robert Waldinger, bu \u00f6nemli bulguyu 22 milyona yak\u0131n kez izlenen pop\u00fcler bir Ted Talk’ta payla\u015ft\u0131. Daha tatmin edici ya\u015famlara sahip olmak i\u00e7in nelere \u00f6ncelik verilmesi gerekti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmeye y\u00f6nelik bir i\u015ftah oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

      Robert Waldinger: \u0130yi bir hayat\u0131 ne olu\u015fturur? Mutluluk \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan en uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan dersler | TED<\/a><\/p>\n\n

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        <\/h2>
      1. Ergenlikten Yeti\u015fkinli\u011fe Ulusal Boylamsal Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131: Ergen Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130yile\u015ftirilmesi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

        Genellikle Add Health olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Ergenlikten Yeti\u015fkinli\u011fe Ulusal Boylamsal Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/a>, 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli, devam eden bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n temel amac\u0131, ergenlikten gen\u00e7 yeti\u015fkinli\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015fte sosyal, \u00e7evresel ve biyolojik fakt\u00f6rlerin sa\u011fl\u0131k ve geli\u015fimi nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini incelemektir. Add Health, Chapel Hill’deki North Carolina \u00dcniversitesi Carolina N\u00fcfus Merkezi’nden bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ekibi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmekte ve Ulusal \u00c7ocuk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130nsan Geli\u015fimi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (NICHD) ile di\u011fer baz\u0131 federal kurumlar ve \u00f6zel vak\u0131flar taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilmektedir. Kapsaml\u0131 veri seti ve multidisipliner yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla Add Health, ya\u015fam seyri boyunca sa\u011fl\u0131k sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendiren bireysel, sosyal ve \u00e7evresel analizler<\/a> aras\u0131ndaki karma\u015f\u0131k etkile\u015fim hakk\u0131nda paha bi\u00e7ilmez bilgiler sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

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          <\/h2>
        1. Stanford Hapishane Deneyi: Hapishanedeki \u0130nsan Davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Anlamak<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

          Stanford Hapishane Deneyi<\/a>, 1971 y\u0131l\u0131nda Stanford \u00dcniversitesi’nde profes\u00f6r olan Dr. Philip Zimbardo taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015f\u00f6hretli bir sosyal psikoloji \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Deney, bireylerin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir sosyal durumdaki rollerinden nas\u0131l etkilendi\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

          \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma bir hapishane ortam\u0131n\u0131 sim\u00fcle etmi\u015ftir; kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara mahkum ve gardiyan rolleri verilmi\u015ftir. Deney h\u0131zla kontrolden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve gardiyanlar mahkumlara kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc muamelede bulunmaya ve onlar\u0131 insanl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n iki hafta s\u00fcrmesi planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ancak kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 psikolojik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 nedeniyle sadece alt\u0131 g\u00fcn sonra sonland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n\n

          Stanford Deneyi’ne y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftiriler \u00e7ok daha fazlad\u0131r. Temel etik standartlara uyulmamas\u0131, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 \u00f6rnekleminin temsili olmamas\u0131, kurulum ortam\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmamas\u0131 bunlardan sadece birka\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 do\u011fas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Stanford Hapishane Deneyi, psikolojinin en iyi bilinen ve etkili deneylerinden biri olmaya devam etmektedir. <\/p>\n\n

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            <\/h2>
          1. Milgram Deneyi: Otoriteye \u0130taat<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

            Milgram Deneyi<\/a>, 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan ve Yale \u00dcniversitesi’nde sosyal psikolog olan Stanley Milgram taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen, psikoloji alan\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 niteli\u011finde bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, insanlar\u0131n ba\u015fka bir ki\u015fiye zarar vermek anlam\u0131na gelse bile bir otorite fig\u00fcr\u00fcne ne kadar itaat etmeye istekli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 incelemeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

            Deney, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lardan ba\u015fka bir odada bulunan ve di\u011fer bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri ancak asl\u0131nda deneycinin s\u0131rda\u015f\u0131 olan bir ki\u015fiye giderek daha fazla ac\u0131 veren elektrik \u015foklar\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n istendi\u011fi bir durumu sim\u00fcle etmek \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

            \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma tart\u0131\u015fma yaratm\u0131\u015f ve yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan bu yana ge\u00e7en on y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde pek \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fma ve analize konu olmu\u015ftur. Ele\u015ftirmenler, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n duygusal s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve deneyin do\u011fas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda tam olarak bilgilendirilmedi\u011fini savundu. Ayr\u0131ca, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan \u00e7ekilme se\u00e7ene\u011fi sunulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

            Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n\n

            Akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlardaki anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ilerletmek ve genel e\u011fitim bilgisini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Akademisyenler ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaparak yeni i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilir, yeni teoriler geli\u015ftirebilir ve mevcut bilgileri do\u011frulayabilir.<\/p>\n\n

            Bununla birlikte, akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n etik kurallara uymas\u0131, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve refah\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumas\u0131 esast\u0131r. E\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in kaynak ve imkanlar sa\u011flayarak ve etik ara\u015ft\u0131rma uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik ederek akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n desteklenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r. Kurumlar, akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 te\u015fvik eden bir ortam\u0131 destekleyerek bilginin ilerlemesine ve genel olarak e\u011fitimin geli\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunabilirler.<\/p>\n\n

            QuestionPro Education, e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rma yeteneklerini geli\u015ftirmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek bir anket ve i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fc yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. QuestionPro ile ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kolayca anket olu\u015fturup da\u011f\u0131tabilir, veri toplayabilir ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ak\u0131c\u0131 ve verimli bir \u015fekilde analiz edebilir. Yaz\u0131l\u0131m ayr\u0131ca, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n verilerinden daha derin i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek duygu analizi ve metin analizi gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f analitik \u00f6zellikler de sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n

            QuestionPro’nun e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131nda uygulanmas\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rma verimlili\u011fini ve do\u011frulu\u011funu art\u0131rarak daha bilin\u00e7li kararlar al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ve daha iyi e\u011fitim \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 elde edilmesini sa\u011flayabilir. Genel olarak, etik ara\u015ft\u0131rma uygulamalar\u0131 ile QuestionPro gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rma ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bir araya getirilmesi, e\u011fitimde ve \u00f6tesinde ilerleme kaydedilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n

            <\/p>

            DAHA FAZLA BI\u0307LGI\u0307 EDI\u0307NI\u0307N<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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