{"id":790066,"date":"2022-11-20T11:00:22","date_gmt":"2022-11-20T18:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/ki-kare-testi-nedir-ve-nasil-hesaplanir\/"},"modified":"2025-01-22T10:16:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T17:16:29","slug":"ki-kare-testi-nedir-ve-nasil-hesaplanir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/ki-kare-testi-nedir-ve-nasil-hesaplanir\/","title":{"rendered":"Ki-kare testi: Nedir ve Nas\u0131l Hesaplan\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki-kare testi genellikle Fisher&#8217;in kesin testi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Kategorik verileri incelemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan istatistiksel bir testtir. Bu makale<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ki-kare testini ve nas\u0131l hesaplanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki-kare testi nedir?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki-kare testi, bir veya daha fazla kategoride beklenen ile g\u00f6r\u00fclen aras\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131 belirlemenin istatistiksel bir yoludur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu parametrik olmayan testi, ayn\u0131 \u00f6rneklem pop\u00fclasyonu i\u00e7indeki kategorik de\u011fi\u015fkenleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullanmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca frekans say\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frulanmas\u0131na veya arka plan\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testin arkas\u0131ndaki temel fikir, bo\u015f hipotezin do\u011fru olmas\u0131 durumunda ne beklenece\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek veri de\u011ferlerini incelemektir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki-kare testi t\u00fcrleri<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lan farkl\u0131 ki-kare test t\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Uyum iyili\u011fi testi:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bir de\u011fi\u015fkenin belirli bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mdan gelip gelmedi\u011fini tespit etmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan istatistiksel bir testtir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k testi:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bir \u00f6rneklemden bir pop\u00fclasyon hakk\u0131nda sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131karan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131msal bir istatistiksel testtir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Homojenlik testi: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k testi gibi yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k testi ayn\u0131 pop\u00fclasyon i\u00e7indeki iki kategorik de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131 ararken, homojenlik testi bir de\u011fi\u015fkenin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n pop\u00fclasyonlar aras\u0131nda ayn\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada ki-kare testi<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki-kare testi, iki kategorik de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi anlamay\u0131 ve analiz etmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu testin ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in yararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceleyelim.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, g\u00f6zlemlenen h\u00fccre say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n beklenen h\u00fccre say\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 istatistiksel olarak Ki-Kare hesaplayarak ve Ki-Kare da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kritik de\u011feriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak belirleyebilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00fccrelerin nas\u0131l da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na duyarl\u0131d\u0131r. Az say\u0131da kategoriye sahip kategorik de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla bu sorun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki-Kare testi Y\u00f6nergeleri uygulay\u0131n<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Art\u0131k Ki-Kare testine daha a\u015fina oldu\u011funuza g\u00f6re, size nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterelim:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Veri toplama s\u00fcrecine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, bo\u015f ve alternatif hipotezlerinizi belirleyin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alfa&#8217;y\u0131 ayarla. Bu, yanl\u0131\u015f bir sonucun ne kadar riskli oldu\u011funu de\u011ferlendirmeyi de i\u00e7erir. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k testi i\u00e7in alfa = 0,05 oldu\u011funu varsay\u0131n. Bu senaryoda, iki de\u011fi\u015fkenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmad\u0131klar\u0131 halde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olduklar\u0131n\u0131 varsaymak i\u00e7in %5&#8217;lik bir risk se\u00e7tiniz.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hatalar i\u00e7in verileri do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testin alt\u0131nda yatan varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Test sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 al\u0131n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki-kare nas\u0131l hesaplan\u0131r: Form\u00fcl<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki-kare testi, g\u00f6zlenen de\u011fer ile beklenen de\u011ferin herhangi bir \u015fekilde farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterip g\u00f6stermedi\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ki-kare form\u00fcl\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilir;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>X<\/b><b>2<\/b><b> = \u2211<\/b><b>(O &#8211; E)<\/b><b>2<\/b><b>\/E<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130\u015fte,<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O g\u00f6zlenen de\u011ferdir<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E beklenen de\u011ferdir<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kategorik veriler i\u00e7in Ki-Kare testi \u00f6rne\u011fi<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kategorik verilere bir \u00f6rnek olarak A, B, C ve D olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt mahalleye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f 2000 sakini olan bir topluma bakal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kamu, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ve doktorlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 1300 \u00fcye rastgele se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. S\u0131f\u0131r hipotezine g\u00f6re, bir ki\u015finin mesleki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile ikamet etti\u011fi mahalle aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki yoktur. Bilgiler \u015fu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kategoriler<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Toplam<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devlet hizmeti<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">180<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">120<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">208<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">190<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">698<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6zel Servis<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">60<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">102<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">40<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">302<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Doktor<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">60<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">80<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">90<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">70<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">300<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Toplam<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">300<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">300<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">400<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">300<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1300<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A mahallesinde 2.000 ki\u015finin y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ikamet etti\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in, 300 ki\u015filik \u00f6rnek n\u00fcfusun A b\u00f6lgesinde oldu\u011funu varsay\u0131n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Benzer \u015fekilde, 2.000 ki\u015finin ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n kamu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015ftu\u011funu belirlemek i\u00e7in 698\/1300 oran\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yoruz. Hipotezdeki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k varsay\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re, A mahallesinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki say\u0131da kamu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 &#8220;beklemeliyiz&#8221;: 300 x (698 \/ 1300) = 161.08<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, s\u00f6z konusu tablo h\u00fccresi A i\u00e7in ki-kare testi form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak \u015funu elde ederiz;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(G\u00f6zlenen de\u011fer &#8211; Beklenen de\u011fer)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \/ Beklenen de\u011fer = (180 &#8211; 161,08)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\/ 161.08 = 2.22<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sonu\u00e7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ki-kare testini ve bu testin nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131p hesaplanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceledik. Kategorik de\u011fi\u015fkenlere uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ki-kare testi en yayg\u0131n olarak anket yan\u0131t verilerini inceleyen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma demografi, t\u00fcketici ve pazarlama ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, siyaset bilimi ve ekonomiyi i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">QuestionPro ara\u015ft\u0131rma paketi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve de\u011fi\u015fim deneyimlerinden en iyi \u015fekilde yararlanmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilecek bir dizi ara\u00e7t\u0131r. QuestionPro&#8217;da, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc uzun vadeli ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in anket yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z ve i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fc havuzlar\u0131m\u0131z gibi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131ya veri toplama ara\u00e7lar\u0131 sunuyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Veriye dayal\u0131 kararlar\u0131n nas\u0131l al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 konusunda yard\u0131ma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa QuestionPro uzman ekibiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn. QuestionPro, verilerinizden en iyi \u015fekilde yararlanman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 boyunca size rehberlik edebilir. \u00dccretsiz bir hesap olu\u015fturun veya neye ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z oldu\u011funu bize bildirin!<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/research-edition-survey-software\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n<button>DAHA FAZLA BI\u0307LGI\u0307 EDI\u0307NI\u0307N<\/button><br \/>\n<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/a\/showEntry.do?classID=1053&amp;sourceRef=blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n<button>\u00dcCRETS\u0130Z DENEME<\/button><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ki-kare testi genellikle Fisher&#8217;in kesin testi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Kategorik verileri incelemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan istatistiksel bir testtir. Bu makale ki-kare testini [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":1001601,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1118],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ki-kare testi: Nedir ve Nas\u0131l Hesaplan\u0131r | QuestionPro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ki-kare testi, g\u00f6zlemlenen bulgular\u0131n iyi uyum sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in bir \u00f6rneklemdeki kategorik de\u011fi\u015fkenler aras\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131 analiz eder.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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