{"id":59130,"date":"2018-07-05T23:01:23","date_gmt":"2018-07-06T06:01:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/?p=59130"},"modified":"2023-08-30T10:33:08","modified_gmt":"2023-08-30T10:33:08","slug":"nominal-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/","title":{"rendered":"Nominal Data: Definition, Characteristics, and Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/statistical-analysis-methods\/\">statistical analysis<\/a>, the level of measurement of variables is crucial since it influences the type of analysis possible. Nominal data provide the smallest amount of detail, while interval and ratio data provide the highest level of detail; these differences reflect the differences between the four primary levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em><strong>LEARN ABOUT:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/level-of-analysis\/\">Level of Analysis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To have an understanding of the fundamentals of nominal data, this is the place to be. In this blog, we&#8217;ll go over the basics of this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/what-is-data-analysis\/\">data analysis<\/a>, including what it is, how to identify it, and some examples.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"tags-wrap\">\n<p class=\"content-index\" style=\"margin-top: 0;\">Content Index<\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-weight: 400; margin: 0 30px; line-height: 22px;\">\n<li><a href=\"#what_is_nominal_data?\">What is Nominal Data?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#characteristics_of_nominal_data\">Characteristics of Nominal Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#nominal_data_analysis\">Nominal Data Analysis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#nominal_data_examples\">Nominal Data Examples<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#using_questionpro_research_suite_for_nominal_data_collection_and_analysis\">Using QuestionPro Research Suite for Nominal Data Collection and Analysis<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"what_is_nominal_data?\" class=\"blankurl\">What is Nominal Data?<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Nominal data is \u201clabeled\u201d or \u201cnamed\u201d data which can be divided into various groups that do not overlap. Data is not measured or evaluated in this case; it is just assigned to multiple groups. These groups are unique and have no common elements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The order of the data collected can\u2019t be established using nominal data; thus, if you change the order of data, the significance of the data will not be altered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Latin nomenclature, \u201cNomen\u201d means \u2013 Name. Nominal data does present a similarity between the various items, but details regarding this similarity might not be disclosed. This is merely to make the data collection and analysis process easier for researchers. In some cases, it is also called \u201cCategorical Data.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If binary data represents \u201ctwo-valued\u201d data, this data represents \u201cmulti-valued\u201d data, and it can\u2019t be quantitative. It is considered to be discrete. For example, a dog can be a Labrador or not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Learn about: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-scale\/\">Nominal Scale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading blankurl\" id=\"characteristics_of_nominal_data\">Characteristics of Nominal Data<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s discuss the characteristics of nominal data using this question:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<ul>\n<li>Q. What is your ethnicity?\n<ul>\n<li>Central Asian<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indonesian<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>West Asian<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Japanese<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, its main characteristics are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nominal data can never be quantified:<\/strong> It will always be in the form of nomenclature, i.e., a survey sent to Asian countries may include a question such as the one mentioned in this case.<br><br>Here, statistical, logical, or numerical analysis of data is not possible, i.e., a researcher can\u2019t add, subtract or multiply the collected data or conclude that variable 1 is greater than variable 2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Absence of order: <\/strong>Unlike <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/ordinal-data\/\">ordinal data<\/a>, nominal data can also never be assigned a definite order. In the above example, the order of answer options is irrelevant to the answers provided by the respondent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Qualitative property: <\/strong>Collected data will always have a qualitative property \u2013 answer options are highly likely to be qualitative in nature.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Can\u2019t calculate Mean: <\/strong>The mean of it can\u2019t be established even if the data is arranged in alphabetical order. In the above-mentioned example, it is impossible for a researcher to calculate the mean of responses submitted for ethnicities because of the qualitative nature of options.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Conclude a Mode: <\/strong>Asking a large sample of individuals to submit their preferences \u2013 the most common answer will be the mode. In the provided example, if Japanese is the answer submitted by a larger section of a sample, it will be the mode.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Data is mostly alphabetical: <\/strong>In most cases, nominal data is alphabetical and not numerical \u2013 for example, in the mentioned case. Non-numerical data also can be categorized into various groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Learn more: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/quantitative-data\/\">Quantitative Data<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading blankurl\" id=\"nominal_data_analysis\">Nominal Data Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Most nominal data is collected via questions that provide the respondent with a list of items to choose from, for example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Q1.<\/strong> Which state do you live in? ____ (followed by a drop-down list of states)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Q2.<\/strong> Which of the following items do you normally choose for your pizza toppings? (Select all that apply)\n<ol>\n<li>Spinach<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pepperoni<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Olives<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sardines<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sausage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extra cheese<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Onions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tomatoes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Other (please specify) _______________<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>There are three ways that nominal data can be collected. In the first example, the respondent is given space to write in their home state. This is an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/what-are-open-ended-questions\/\">open-ended question<\/a> that will eventually be coded with each state being assigned a number. This information could also be provided to the respondent in the form of a list, where they would select one option.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second example is in the form of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/article\/multiple-choice-questions.html\">multiple response questions<\/a> where each category is coded 1 (if selected) and 0 if not selected. It also incorporates an open-end component allowing the respondent the option of writing in a category not included in the list. These \u2018Other (please specify)\u2019 responses\u2019 will need coding if they are to be analyzed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nominal data is analyzed using percentages and the \u2018mode,\u2019 which represents the most common response(s). For a given question, there can be more than one modal response, for example, if olives and sausage were both selected the same number of times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Multiple response questions, e.g., the pizza topping example listed above, allow researchers the ability to create a metric variable that can be used for additional analysis. In this scenario, the respondent can select any or all options providing you with a variable that ranges from zero (none selected) to the maximum number of categories. This becomes a useful tool for consumer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/behavioral-segmentation\/\">behavioral segmentation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Learn more: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/what-is-market-segmentation\/\">Market segmentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/nominal-data-analysis.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Descriptive Statistics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The distribution of the data can be determined using descriptive statistics. We can use two descriptive statistics methods for this data:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Frequency distribution table: <\/strong>This is designed to organize nominal data in some order. This kind of table makes it easy to see how many responses there were for each category in the variable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Central tendency: <\/strong>This is commonly known as a mode. It serves as a measure of where the majority of values are. However, only one mode can be estimated for this data because it is only <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/qualitative-data\/\">qualitative<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>LEARN ABOUT:<\/em><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/descriptive-analysis\/\">Descriptive Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Graphical Analysis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The graphical analysis involves presenting the entire data in a visual format. Like descriptive statistics, visualizing your data helps you see what it is telling more easily. These methods can be used on the complete data set in the table and a sample taken from it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bar Chart: <\/strong>The frequency of each response is graphically represented as a bar rising vertically from the horizontal axis in a bar chart, which is mostly utilized. Each bar&#8217;s height is inversely correlated with the frequency of the relevant answer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pie Chart: <\/strong>The percentage frequency of each sample of the nominal dataset can be represented by a pie chart, which is also used.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The researcher typically uses a pie chart to represent percentages (or fractions), while a bar chart is typically used to represent distribution frequencies (mode).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Categorization of Nominal Data<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nominal data requires categorization based on similarities and differences to be properly analyzed. In this method, researchers can compare their research findings by matching them to a similar collection of data that has not been investigated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Matched Category:<\/strong> Samples from the same nominal data variable set are grouped together in the matched category. Improved statistical results are the primary goal of matching, which is accomplished by reducing the influence of confounding factors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Unmatched Category: <\/strong>Unmatched samples contain variables that are unconnected to one another. It&#8217;s a random selection from several different datasets with no commonalities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Statistical Tests<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Statistical tests allow you to test a hypothesis by delving deeper into the information that the data is revealing, whereas descriptive statistics, graphical analysis, and categorization only summarize the nominal data for straightforward analysis. In statistical analysis, distinguishing between <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/categorical-data-vs-numerical-data\/\">categorical data and numerical data<\/a> is essential, as categorical data involves distinct categories or labels, while numerical data consists of measurable quantities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For nominal and ordinal data, non-parametric statistical tests are used. Therefore, you may do the popular <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/chi-square-test\/\">Chi-square test<\/a> when examining a nominal dataset:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chi-square goodness of fit test:<\/strong> This test determines if the sample of data is typical of the entire population of data. The test is applied when information is gathered via random sampling from a single population.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chi-square independence test:<\/strong> This examines the relationship between two nominal variables. Testing hypotheses enables determining the independence of two nominal variables from a single sample.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading blankurl\" id=\"nominal_data_examples\">Nominal Data Examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In each of the below-mentioned examples, there are labels associated with each of the answer options only for the purpose of labeling. For instance, in the first question, each dog breed is assigned numbers, while in the second question, both genders are assigned corresponding initials solely for convenience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Q1. In the U.S., there is a huge section of people who love and own dogs. For a firm dealing with taking care of dogs while the owners are away, a question such as this can be useful to filter their target market: What is the most loved breed of dogs?\n<ul>\n<li>Dalmatian \u2013 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doberman \u2013 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Labrador \u2013 3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>German Shepherd \u2013 4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q2. For a travel agency looking to launch a travel plan purely for a sample of individuals, this is the most basic question: Who loves to travel more?\n<ul>\n<li>Men \u2013 M<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Women \u2013 W<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q3. A real estate agent based out of New York will be highly inclined to understand the answer to this question: Which type of houses are preferred by the residents of New York City?\n<ul>\n<li>Apartments \u2013 A<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bungalows \u2013 B<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Villas \u2013 C<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Learn about: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-ordinal-interval-ratio\/\">Types of Variable Measurement Scales<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading blankurl\" id=\"using_questionpro_research_suite_for_nominal_data_collection_and_analysis\">Using QuestionPro Research Suite for Nominal Data Collection and Analysis&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/research-suite\/\">QuestionPro Research Suite<\/a> is a platform for surveys and research that may be used to examine nominal data. The platform provides numerous features and tools for data analysis, such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Question Types:<\/strong> Question types, including single-select, multiple-select, and open-ended questions, are available in QuestionPro and can be used to gather nominal data.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Data Collection:<\/strong> QuestionPro offers a variety of data collection options, including internet surveys, email invitations, and mobile surveys.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Data Visualization: <\/strong>The platform offers interactive data visualization choices like pie charts and bar graphs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Data Analysis: <\/strong>The built-in data examination module in QuestionPro offers descriptive statistics for the analysis of nominal data, including frequency and percentage distribution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Segmentation:<\/strong> The platform has segmentation features that let users divide nominal data into groups based on various demographic, behavioral, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/psychographic-segmentation\/\">psychographic segmentations<\/a> traits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reports: <\/strong>QuestionPro offers customizable reports for summarizing and sharing findings with decision-makers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Use QuestionPro Research Suite to collect and analyze nominal data to learn about your audience. Our platform lets you create and distribute online demographic surveys to collect age, gender, education, occupation, and more. Our data visualization tools and data analysis module will help you immediately interpret the results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em><strong>LEARN ABOUT:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/average-order-value\/\">Average Order Value<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Take this chance to improve your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/research-skills\/\">research skills<\/a> and accomplish your objectives. Start your nominal data analysis journey right away with a free trial!<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t<div class=\"banner-section wf-section\" lang=\"\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"right-column-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bannerbg white\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"h1-2\">Create memorable experiences based on real-time data, insights and advanced analysis.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#userliteForm\" data-toggle=\"modal\" class=\"button w-button\">Request Demo<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"userlite-modal modal fade\" id=\"userliteForm\" tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t<div class=\"modal-dialog\" role=\"document\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"modal-content\" role=\"document\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"material-icons\">close<\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"contact-us-form-wrapper contact-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"userlite-form-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/userlite-form-blog-en.html?product=CX&amp;referralurl=https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59130&amp;lang=en&amp;cat=cx-2|market-research\" style=\"display: block;\" ><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"demo-form-wrapper success-message-div\" style=\"display:none\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"success-message-para\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In statistical analysis, the level of measurement of variables is crucial since it influences the type of analysis possible. Nominal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":59212,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[170,203],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nominal Data: Definition, Characteristics, and Examples<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nominal data refers to named or labeled variables that do not include numerical values. It classifies items and people by name, color, nation, and gender.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nominal Data: Definition, Characteristics, and Examples\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nominal data refers to named or labeled variables that do not include numerical values. It classifies items and people by name, color, nation, and gender.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"QuestionPro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/questionpro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-07-06T06:01:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-08-30T10:33:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/53-infographic1-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"992\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"594\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Adi Bhat\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@questionpro\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@questionpro\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Adi Bhat\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Adi Bhat\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6240dce6e1901b1a6c7f3dbd3e22567f\"},\"headline\":\"Nominal Data: Definition, Characteristics, and Examples\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-07-06T06:01:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-08-30T10:33:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/\"},\"wordCount\":1764,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"CX\",\"Market Research\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/\",\"name\":\"Nominal Data: Definition, Characteristics, and Examples\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-07-06T06:01:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-08-30T10:33:08+00:00\",\"description\":\"Nominal data refers to named or labeled variables that do not include numerical values. It classifies items and people by name, color, nation, and gender.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Market Research\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/category\/market-research\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Nominal Data: Definition, Characteristics, and Examples\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"QuestionPro\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"QuestionPro\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/questionpro-logo.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/questionpro-logo.svg\",\"caption\":\"QuestionPro\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/questionpro\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/questionpro\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/questionpro\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6240dce6e1901b1a6c7f3dbd3e22567f\",\"name\":\"Adi Bhat\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/33be79da19de28bbea9b5a059532a027?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/33be79da19de28bbea9b5a059532a027?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Adi Bhat\"},\"description\":\"Aditya Bhat, a.k.a. \u2018Adi\u2019, is a thought leader in market strategy and business development. He leads QuestionPro's sales teams to partner with companies, government organizations, and nonprofit institution.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/author\/adityabhat\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Nominal Data: Definition, Characteristics, and Examples","description":"Nominal data refers to named or labeled variables that do not include numerical values. It classifies items and people by name, color, nation, and gender.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Nominal Data: Definition, Characteristics, and Examples","og_description":"Nominal data refers to named or labeled variables that do not include numerical values. It classifies items and people by name, color, nation, and gender.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/","og_site_name":"QuestionPro","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/questionpro","article_published_time":"2018-07-06T06:01:23+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-08-30T10:33:08+00:00","og_image":[{"width":992,"height":594,"url":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/53-infographic1-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Adi Bhat","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@questionpro","twitter_site":"@questionpro","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Adi Bhat","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/"},"author":{"name":"Adi Bhat","@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6240dce6e1901b1a6c7f3dbd3e22567f"},"headline":"Nominal Data: Definition, Characteristics, and Examples","datePublished":"2018-07-06T06:01:23+00:00","dateModified":"2023-08-30T10:33:08+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/"},"wordCount":1764,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#organization"},"articleSection":["CX","Market Research"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/","url":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/","name":"Nominal Data: Definition, Characteristics, and Examples","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-07-06T06:01:23+00:00","dateModified":"2023-08-30T10:33:08+00:00","description":"Nominal data refers to named or labeled variables that do not include numerical values. It classifies items and people by name, color, nation, and gender.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/nominal-data\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Market Research","item":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/category\/market-research\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Nominal Data: Definition, Characteristics, and Examples"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/","name":"QuestionPro","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"QuestionPro","url":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/questionpro-logo.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/questionpro-logo.svg","caption":"QuestionPro"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/questionpro","https:\/\/twitter.com\/questionpro","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/questionpro\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6240dce6e1901b1a6c7f3dbd3e22567f","name":"Adi Bhat","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/33be79da19de28bbea9b5a059532a027?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/33be79da19de28bbea9b5a059532a027?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Adi Bhat"},"description":"Aditya Bhat, a.k.a. \u2018Adi\u2019, is a thought leader in market strategy and business development. He leads QuestionPro's sales teams to partner with companies, government organizations, and nonprofit institution.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/author\/adityabhat\/"}]}},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/53-infographic1-1.jpg","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/53-infographic1-1.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Adi Bhat","author_link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/author\/adityabhat\/"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59130"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59130"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":810780,"href":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59130\/revisions\/810780"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}