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Predictors of Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy and Career Exploratory Behaviors among American Students and Asian International Students


Dear Participant:

I am a graduate student under the direction of Professor Hung Bin Sheu, in the Division of Learning, Technology and Psychology in Education in the Mary Lou Fulton College of Education at Arizona State University.

I am conducting a research study to investigate the factors influencing American students' and Asian international students’ career development. I am inviting your participation, which will involve filling out a short, anonymous survey, lasting at most 15 minutes. Your participation in this study is voluntary. You can skip questions if you wish. If you choose not to participate or to withdraw from the study at any time, there will be no penalty. You must be 18 or older to participate in the study.

Even though there are no direct benefits for participating in the study, your participation will provide valuable information that may help university administrators and career counselors to better assist in American students' and Asian international student’s career development. There are no foreseeable risks or discomforts to your participation. Upon completing the survey, you will be invited to provide your email address for winning one of the five $20 gift cards. You may decline the invitation by not providing your email address. Five random drawings will be made at the end of the study, and winners will be notified by email. Your email will NOT be linked to your responses in the survey.

Confidentiality will be maintained by storing all collected data on a secure computer hard drive in the co-principal investigator’s office at Arizona State University. The principal investigator and principal co-investigator will be the only persons who have access to the data. The results of this study may be used in reports, presentations, or publications only in the aggregative form. Completion of the survey will be considered your consent to participate in the study.

If you have any questions concerning the research study, please contact the co-principal investigator at [email protected]. If you have any questions about your rights as a subject/participant in this research, or if you feel you have been placed at risk, you can contact the Chair of the Human Subjects Institutional Review Board, through the ASU Office of Research Integrity and Assurance, at (480) 965-6788.

Clicking, ‘yes, I agree to participate in the study’, will be considered your consent to participate.

Sincerely,

Kerrie Wilkins, B.S.
Doctoral Student
Division of Learning, Technology and Psychology in Education
301 Payne Hall, MC-0611
Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ 85287-0611

Hung-Bin Sheu, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Counseling and Counseling Psychology
Division of Learning, Technology and Psychology in Education
301 Payne Hall, MC-0611
Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ 85287-0611



 
 
 
 
Demographic Information
 
 
* 1. Gender
 
Female
 
Male
 
 
* 2. What is your age in years? ( e.g., 23)
   
 
 
3. Are you a United States Citizen?
 
Yes
 
No
 
 
* If yes, How do you define your ethnicity?
 
Hispanic
 
African American
 
Native American
 
Asian/ Pacific Islander
 
Caucasian
 
Other
 

 
 
* 4. What is your native country:
 
China
 
Hong Kong
 
Japan
 
Macau
 
Mongolia
 
North Korea
 
South Korea
 
Taiwan
 
Bangladesh
 
India
 
Kazakhstan
 
Nepal
 
Pakistan
 
Sri Lanka
 
Burma
 
Cambodia
 
Philippines
 
Malaysia
 
Indonesia
 
Singapore
 
Vietnam
 
Thailand
 
United States
 
Other
 

 
 
* 5. What is your native language?
   
 
 
6. What was your TOEFL score?
   
 
 
* 7. On what status are you in the United States?
 
F1 – VISA (Student Visa)
 
Green Card
 
Other
 
 
 
* 8. How long have you been in the United States? (In Years)
   
 
 
* 9. What is your class standing?
 
Freshman
 
Sophomore
 
Junior
 
Senior
 
 
* 10. What is your intended occupation?
   
 
 
* 11. Are you the first in your immediate family, including your parents and siblings, to attend college in the US?
 
Yes
 
No
 
 
* 12. Why did you choose to study in the US (Select all that apply)?
 
To be in a better position for the job market in my home country
 
To be in a better position for the job market in the U.S
 
To be near friends/relatives that are already here
 
To be able to see more of the world
 
So that I could be legally in the U.S.

 
 
* 13. What is your current G.P.A, ______________/4? (e.g., 2.0)
   
 
 
* 14. What is the highest degree you plan to attain?
 
Bachelor’s
 
Master’s
 
Ph.D./Professional
 
Don’t know
 
 
* 15. What is your current declared school/program?
 
Applied Arts and Sciences
 
Design
 
Global Management/ Leadership
 
Arts
 
Education
 
Human Services
 
Business/ Management
 
Engineering
 
Interdisciplinary Arts/Science
 
Journalism
 
Agriculture
 
Sustainability
 
Law School
 
Nursing and Healthcare
 
Teaching Education / Leadership
 
Liberal Arts/Science
 
Public Programs
 
Other
 

 
 
 
 
Instructions: As foreign students have to make a number of personal, social, and environmental changes upon arrival in a strange land, this transition might cause them stress. This scale is designed to assess the stress you personally might have experienced or are currently experiencing at Arizona State University. There are no right or wrong answers. However, for the data to be meaningful, you must answer each statement given below as honestly as possible. For each of the following statements, please click on the option that BEST describes your response.


Because of my different cultural background as an Asian international student, I feel that ...

Strongly Disagree Disagree Not Sure Agree Strongly Agree
1. After coming to ASU, homesickness for my country bothers me

2. I feel uncomfortable to adjust to new foods and/or to new eating habits when going out with professors and fellow students

3. I am treated differently in social settings with my academic colleagues

4. I feel rejected when people at school are sarcastic toward my cultural values

5. I feel nervous to communicate in English at school

6. I feel sad going to unfamiliar school environment (ASU)

7. I fear for my personal safety on campus because of my different cultural background

8. I feel intimidated to participate in social activities on campus

9. At school, others are biased toward me

10. I feel guilty to leave my family and friends behind to attend school at ASU

Strongly Disagree Disagree Not Sure Agree Strongly Agree
11. At school, many opportunities are denied to me

12. At school, I feel angry that other students of my cultural background are considered inferior

13. I feel overwhelmed that multiple pressures are placed upon me by my academic program after I came to ASU

14. I feel that I receive unequal treatment at school

15. At school, people from some ethnic groups show hatred toward me nonverbally

17. At school, I am denied what I deserve

18. I have difficulties finding a safe place on campus for fear of others

19. I feel low as a student at ASU because of my cultural background

20. I feel rejected when others at school don’t appreciate my cultural values

21. I miss the country and people of my national origin while at school
Strongly Disagree Disagree Not Sure Agree Strongly Agree
22. I feel uncomfortable adjusting to new cultural values on campus

23. I feel that students with my cultural background are discriminated at school

24. Professors, staff, or students from some other ethnic groups show hatred toward me through their actions

25. I feel that my status in my academic program is low due to my cultural background

26. I am treated differently at school because of my race

27. I feel insecure at school

28. I don’t feel a sense of belonging (community) in my academic program or on campus

29. I am treated differently at school because of my skin color

30. I generally keep a low profile on campus due to fear from other ethnic groups

31. I feel some people in my academic program or on campus don’t associate with me because of my ethnicity

32. People from some other ethnic groups on campus show hatred toward me verbally

33. I feel guilty that I am living a different lifestyle after coming to ASU

34. I feel sad leaving my relatives behind to come to ASU

35. I worry about my future for not being able to decide whether to stay here or to go back after receiving my degree from ASU

36. I feel sad when I consider my people’s problems

 
 
Instructions: Many factors can either support or hinder a student’s career development. Here we are interested in learning about the types of situations that may support your progress towards your future career. Using the 1-5 scale, please indicate how much you agree or disagree with each of the following statements by selecting the option that best reflects your answer to each statement.


At the present time, I…
Strongly Disagree Disagree Unsure Agree Strongly Agree
1. Have access to a “role model” (e.g., someone I can look up to and learn from by observing) for my intended occupation

2. Feel support from important people in my life (e.g. teachers, friends, family) for pursuing my intended occupation

3. Feel that there are people “like me” pursuing my intended occupation

4. Get helpful assistance from peers, parents or teachers, if I felt I needed such help in pursuing my intended occupation

5. Get encouragement from my friends for pursuing my intended occupation

6. Get helpful assistance from an expert (e.g. career counselor) regarding my intended occupation

7. Feel that my family members support the decision to pursue my intended occupation

8. Feel that close friends or relatives would be proud of me for pursuing my intended occupation

9. Have access to a “mentor” who would offer me advise and encouragement about my intended occupation

 
 
Instructions: For each statement below, please read carefully and indicate how much confidence you have that you could accomplish each of these tasks within the next week by clicking the option that bests reflects your response to each statement.


How much confidence do you have that you could do each of the following tasks within the next week …

No confidence at all Very little confidence Moderate confidence Much confidence Complete confidence
1. Select a work field (e.g., business, engineering) from one that you are considering

2. Determine the steps you need to successfully enter your chosen occupation

3. Make a plan of your goals for the next five years

4. Select one occupation (e.g., Chemical engineer) from a list of potential occupations you are considering

5. Make a career decision and then not worry if it was right or wrong

6. Persistently work at your career goal even when you get frustrated

7. Determine steps to take if you are having career trouble

8. Figure out what you are and are not ready to sacrifice for your career goals

9. Accurately assess your abilities

10. Use the Internet to find information about occupations that interest you

No confidence at all Very little confidence Moderate confidence Much confidence Complete confidence
11. Choose a career that will fit your preferred lifestyle

12. Determine the kind of lifestyle you would like to live

13. Determine what your ideal job would be

14. Find the average yearly earnings of people in an occupation

15. Choose a career that will fit your interests

16. Decide what you value most in an occupation

17. Find out employment trends for an occupation over the next ten years

18. Find information about graduate or professional schools

19. Successfully manage the job interview process

20. Identify employers relevant to your career possibilities

21. Identify some career alternatives if you are unable to get your first choice

22. Talk with a person already employed in a field you are interested in

23. Prepare a good resume

24. Change occupations if you are not satisfied with the one you enter

25. Change careers if you did not like your first choice

 
 
Instructions: Each of the statements below begins with, “In my future career, I will probably…,” please respond to each statement according to what you think (or guess) will be true for you.


In my future career I will probably…
Strongly Disagree Disagree Unsure Agree Strongly Agree
1. … be treated differently because of my sex

2. … be treated differently because of my ethnic/racial background

3. … experience negative comments about my sex (such as insults or rude jokes)

4. … experience negative comments about my racial/ethnic background (such as insults or rude jokes)

5. … have a harder time getting hired than people of the opposite sex

6. …have a harder time getting hired than people of other racial/ethnic backgrounds

7. … experience discrimination because of my sex

8. …experience discrimination because of my racial/ethnic backgrounds

9. … have difficulty finding quality daycare for my children

10. … have difficulty getting time off when my children are sick

11. …have difficulty finding work that allows me to spend time with my family

 
 
Instructions: Using the scale below, indicate your level of agreement with each of the following statements.


To what extent have you behaved in the following ways over the last 3 months:
Little Somewhat A moderate amount A substantial amount A great deal
1. Experimented with different career activities

2. Sought opportunities to demonstrate skills

3. Tried specific work roles just to see if you liked them

4. Investigated career possibilities

5. Went to various career orientation programs

6. Obtained information on specific jobs or companies related to your anticipated career area

7. Initiated conversations with knowledgeable individuals in your anticipated career area

8. Obtained information on the labor market and general job opportunities in your anticipated career area

9. Sought information on specific areas of career interest

 
Instructions: Using the scale below, indicate your level of agreement with each of the following statements.


To what extent have you done the following in the past 3 months:
Little Somewhat A moderate amount A substantial amount A great deal
1. Reflected on how my past integrates with my future career

2. Focused my thoughts on me as a person

3. Contemplated my past

4. Been retrospective in thinking about my career

5. Understood a new relevance of past behavior for my future

 
 
Debriefing Form


Dear Participant,

Thank you for participating in our study!

The purpose of the study is to explore the influential factors on American students' and Asian international students’ career development. In this study, we are examining the outcome variables of career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE) and career exploratory behaviors (CEB). The study is designed to assess the predictive capability of acculturative stress, and perceived career barriers and how these relationships may vary based on gender and social support. This study may produce relevant and important findings that could facilitate in the understanding of American students' and Asian international students’ career development and how to design school programs for aiding in this development. Thank you for your time.

Each participant is eligible to win one of five $20 gift cards.

If you choose to be included in this lottery please send an email to the co-investigator at [email protected], in the subject heading type ‘American and international students’ career development survey lottery'. Please, do not include any other information in the email.

If you will be receiving extra credit for completion of this survey, please print this page, sign your name _______________________________ and return to your instructor.

Sincerely,

Kerrie Wilkins, B.S.
Doctoral Student
Division of Learning, Technology and Psychology in Education
301 Payne Hall, MC-0611
Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ 85287-0611

Hung-Bin Sheu, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Counseling and Counseling Psychology
Division of Learning, Technology and Psychology in Education
301 Payne Hall, MC-0611
Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ 85287-0611
 
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