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You are invited to participate in a short experiment designed to test a multimedia learning environment. It will take less than 30 minutes to complete the entire interaction. Please read the next page and click AGREE if you are willing to participate. You will be receiving a $5 Amazon gift card if you complete the survey.
Thank you very much for your time and support. Please start with the experiment now by clicking on the CONTINUE button below. |
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* INTRODUCTION
The purposes of this form are to give you information that may affect your decision whether to say YES or NO to participation in this research, and to record the consent of those who say YES. This research, The Impact of Writing Direction on Multimedia Design, is designed to be completed entirely electronically using web-based resources.
RESEARCHERS
The Responsible Principle Investigator (RPI) for this research is Dr. Amy Adcock, Darden College of Education, STEM Education and Professional Studies. The investigator is Arwa Mashat, PhD Student, Darden College of Education, STEM Education and Professional Studies, Instructional Design and Technology.
DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH STUDY
Several studies have been conducted looking into spatial bias using pictures. However, no research studied the impact of spatial bias on learning and cognitive load.
If you decide to participate, then you will join a study involving research on the impact of language on learning and the design of and multimedia material..
EXCLUSIONARY CRITERIA
You should be 18 or older and able to speak Arabic or English or both to participate in this study.
RISKS AND BENEFITS
RISKS: If you decide to participate in this study, there are no identified risks associated with this study. And, as with any research, there is some possibility that you may be subject to risks that have not yet been identified.
BENEFITS: The main benefit to you for participating in this study is greater awareness in issues of languages and learning.
COSTS AND PAYMENTS
The researchers want your decision about participating in this study to be absolutely voluntary. A five-dollar, Amazon gift card will be provided to each person who completes the study.
NEW INFORMATION
If the researchers find new information during this study that would reasonably change your decision about participating, then they will give it to you.
CONFIDENTIALITY
All information obtained about you in this study is strictly confidential unless disclosure is required by law. The results of this study may be used in reports, presentations and publications, but the researcher will not identify you.
WITHDRAWAL PRIVILEGE
It is OK for you to say NO. Even if you say YES now, you are free to say NO later, and walk away or withdraw from the study at any time. Your decision will not affect your relationship with Old Dominion University or participating university, or otherwise cause a loss of benefits to which you might otherwise be entitled.
COMPENSATION FOR ILLNESS AND INJURY
If you say YES, then your consent in this document does not waive any of your legal rights. However, in the event of unforeseen complications, harm, or injury arising from this study, neither Old Dominion University nor the researchers are able to give you any money, insurance coverage, free medical care, or any other compensation for such injury. In the event that you suffer injury as a result of participation in any research project, you may contact the principle investigator and researcher at the Darden College of Education, STEM-PS, 757-683-4305, or Dr. Nina Brown, Chair of the Darden College of Education Human Subjects Review Committee at ( 757) 683-3245) Dr. George Maihafer the current IRB chair at 757-683 6028 at Old Dominion University, who will be glad to review the matter with you.
VOLUNTARY CONSENT
By signing this form, you are saying several things. You are saying that you have read this form or have had it read to you, that you are satisfied that you understand this form, the research study, and its risks and benefits. The researchers should have answered any questions you may have had about the research. If you have any questions later on, then the researchers should be able to answer them:
Dr. Amy Adcock, RPI, or Arwa Mashat, investigator, Darden College of Education, STEM Education and Professional Studies, 330-550-9348.
If at any time you feel pressured to participate, or if you have any questions about your rights or this form, then you should call Dr. Ted Remley Chair of the Darden College of Education Human Subjects Review Committee at 757-683-3326 or [email protected].
And importantly, by clicking I AGREE below, you are telling the researcher YES, that you agree to participate in this study.
INVESTIGATOR’S STATEMENT
I certify that I have explained to this subject the nature and purpose of this research, including benefits, risks, costs, and any experimental procedures. I have described the rights and protections afforded to human subjects and have done nothing to pressure, coerce, or falsely entice this subject into participating. I am aware of my obligations under state and federal laws, and promise compliance. I have answered the subject's questions and have encouraged him/her to ask additional questions at any time during the course of this study. The electronic consent to participate attests to my witness to the on this consent form by the participant. |
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| * Are you male or female? |
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| * What is the highest level of school you have completed? |
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| * Is the United States your home country? |
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| * Have you ever lived outside the United States? |
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| * How long have you lived outside the United States? |
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| * What is your home country? | | |
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| * How long have you lived in the United States? |
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| * What age did you start learning English? |
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| * What language do you mainly speak at home? |
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| Please answer the following questions related to images. |
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* 
As a preference, which image would you choose? |
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* 
As a preference, which image would you choose? |
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* 
As a preference, which image would you choose? |
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* 
Choose the best sentence that describes the picture. |
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| Now you will be presented with some information about sensing, satellite and radar. Please read it carefully as you will be answering some questions about the content later. |
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The Importance of Sensing
Measuring and sensing data provides us with information to make reliable decisions in fields as diverse as economics, ecology, security, and health. Did you know that sensors track elephant herds in Africa and refugee migration all over the world?
There are many different instruments to measure many different parameters. Thermometers measure temperature, radar guns measure the speed of passing cars, and global positioning system (GPS) receivers can determine your car's exact position when you are lost.
Measuring and sensing devices are classified as either in-situ (in direct contact of "in the situation") or remote (not in direct contact) with regard to where they are relative to what they are sensing.
A dramatic example of the effect that sensing has on global ecology and economics was the use of satellite pictures to prove the extent of rainforest devastation over a decade. This critical evidence affected government plans and policies for rainforest burning, clearing, and settlement. |
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In-situ vs. Remote Sensing
In-situ sensing/measuring devices are in contact with whatever they are sensing. A thermometer is a very common in-situ sensor, whether it measures the oil temperature in your car's engine, the temperature of your home, or your body temperature.
Numerous in-situ sensing devices are used to measure meteorological conditions. These instruments can be found at ground level, in the water, or in the air.
Some buoys, such as the one shown in the photo, measure certain meteorological conditions at sea.
Think of a hurricane reconnaissance plane flying inside a storm. It measures atmospheric pressure and winds in-situ.
You have probably seen devices in streams that measure water levels, such as the staff stream gauge in this photo.
These are all in-situ measuring devices. |
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| * How would you rate your mental effort when reading this material? |
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Scientific devices are not the only in-situ sensors. Your hand functions as a dramatic example of an in-situ sensor when you touch a hot stove.
Remote sensing measurement devices are not in direct contact with the objects they sense. Remote sensing involves observing objects indirectly either actively or passively.
Active remote sensors emit electromagnetic waves that travel to an object and are reflected back toward the sensor. Examples of active remote sensors include a police radar gun that emits electromagnetic waves to determine the speed of objects; x-rays that use electromagnetic waves to produce images of the human body; and sonar that uses reflected sound waves.
Passive remote sensors observe electromagnetic waves emitted by objects. One example of this is the camera. For us, sight is a passive remote sensor because light waves are scattered toward our eyes. |
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| * How would you rate your mental effort when reading this material? |
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Remote Sensing in Meteorology
Meteorologists need and use both in-situ and remote sensors. The United States, like most countries, has an in-situ 'observing' network of stations for measuring surface and upper-air (different altitudes in the atmosphere) weather information. However, these stations only measure atmospheric conditions at specific locations/points and times. This network leaves gaps in weather information both spatially (in space) on the order of several kilometers to thousands of kilometers and temporally (in time) on the order of minutes to 12 hours.
Remotely sensed data (satellite and radar) are vital to operational weather forecasters because they fill in the spatial and temporal gaps left by the observing network. Remote sensing provides meteorologists with detailed weather information that they could not obtain by just going outside and observing the sky themselves. These data complement and add to the surface and upper-air data to form a more complete and continuous picture of atmospheric conditions. |
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Satellite and Radar
Radar and satellites sense electromagnetic radiation. Weather radar senses electromagnetic radiation as precipitation, while weather satellites sense the radiation to indicate the presence of clouds, water vapor, and surface features.
How Radar Works
Radar works by transmitting a pulse of electromagnetic energy.
Objects (raindrops, ice, snow, birds, insects, terrain, and buildings) reflect that energy. Part of the reflected energy is received back at the radar. Once the radar receives the reflected signal, computer programs and meteorologists interpret the signal to determine where it is precipitating.
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| * How would you rate your mental effort when reading this material? |
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How Satellite Works
Satellites work by passively sensing energy. A weather satellite typically senses two forms of energy, visible (reflected sunlight) and infrared (for example, heat energy), from the earth's surface, clouds, and atmosphere.
Infrared energy is emitted 24 hours a day and is sensed by satellites continuously (first picture). In contrast, visible imagery is available only during daylight hours since sunlight is reflected only during that period (second picture). |
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| * How would you rate your mental effort when reading this material? |
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Remote Sensing in Action
Radar and satellite weather information are used to determine current atmospheric conditions, but meteorologists must integrate data from many sources to get a complete and accurate picture of atmospheric conditions. Meteorologists feed current data into computer models to help them predict weather conditions (forecast) and make critical decisions.
Consider a practical, everyday example of how remote sensing is used by meteorologists. Imagine you are along the North Dakota-South Dakota border and a line of precipitation is paralleling the border to the north and another is approaching from the west. Radar could be used to answer the following questions about the lines of precipitation. What is the intensity of the precipitation? What direction and at what speed are the lines moving? Will the precipitation become stronger or weaker?
The second image is a satellite image that shows the extensive coverage of the storm system. Notice that cloud coverage is larger than the precipitation coverage. |
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| * How would you rate your mental effort when reading this material? |
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Satellites as Remote Sensors
Polar Operational Environmental Satellites and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites
You may already be familiar with many different uses of satellites in communications, television, and global positioning systems. You may not be as familiar with satellite uses in meteorology.
Meteorologists use two types of weather satellites, polar-orbiting (for example, Aura) and geostationary (for example, GOES), to monitor the globe. |
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| * How would you rate your mental effort when reading this material? |
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Write a sentence mentioning the two objects without using any conjunction (and, or, nor). |
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| * It is preferred to use verbs to connect the two objects. The first object you see, use it as the subject. | | |
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| * In-situ sensing means the sensor is ……………the object it is sensing. |
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| * ………… works by transmitting a pulse of electromagnetic energy. |
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| * An example of polar-orbiting satellites is: |
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| * Remote sensing means the sensor is …………… the object it is sensing. |
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| * Thermometers are examples of: |
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| * …………… remote sensors emit electromagnetic waves that travel to an object and are reflected back toward the sensor. |
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| * Cameras are considered: |
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| * …………… typically senses two forms of energy, visible and infrared. |
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| * Radar and satellite weather information are used to: |
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| * Meteorologists use two types of weather satellites: |
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